BIOL 311 Final Exam 3 Test Questions
And 100% Correct Answers 2025-2026
Set.
Lysosomes and proteasomes - Answer -Both degrade molecules, especially proteins
Christian de Duve - Answer -Won Nobel Prize for discovering lysosomes
-1955
-First to use a centrifuge to purify organelles
-Created pellets (intact vs injured)
-Intact showed respiratory activity due to mitochondria, injured showed hydrolytic activity due
to lysosomes
Lysosomes - Answer -Contain hydrolytic enzymes
-Cleave to degrade most normal molecules/proteins
-Enzymes not typical. Optimum pH of 5
Acid phosphatase - Answer -Single membrane bound
-Marker enzyme for lysosomes
Heterophagy - Answer -Eating others
-Closely related to lysosomes
Autophagy - Answer -Self eating/digesting material
-High turnover rate
-Leads to inc apoptosis, killing cancer cells
-Mitochondria (5-6 day half life)
-Peroxisomes (1-2 days)
Rudolph Virchow - Answer -1860s
-Looked at WBCs
, -Said what he was seeing was phagocytosis
-RBC is being engulfed by WBC which are fighting infection
Phagocytosis - Answer -Eat or be eaten
Opsinization - Answer -process where bacteria are covered with antibodies prior to being
phagocytosed by WBCs
-binding at the Fc receptor occurring in two ways
Myasthenia gravis - Answer -Rare neuromuscular autoimmune disease
-Example of heterophagy
-Symptoms: droopy eyelids- whole body is affected
Curare - Answer -1960s
-Patients treated with this
-Blocks the AcH receptors on neuromuscular junction
-patients recovered with drug blocking AcH-esterase
Dan Drachman - Answer -1970s
-John Hopkins
-Used radioisotopes with high AcH receptor affinity
-Used electric organ (made of electroplex) from a sting ray
-Added electroplex to mouse cells and got mAbs-> immune reactions
Yoshinori Ohsumi - Answer -2016 nobel prize winner
-autophagosome
-involved in many disease states (cell death, cancer, aging, type 2 diab)
Chloroquine - Answer -blocks autophagy
-anti-malarial drug
And 100% Correct Answers 2025-2026
Set.
Lysosomes and proteasomes - Answer -Both degrade molecules, especially proteins
Christian de Duve - Answer -Won Nobel Prize for discovering lysosomes
-1955
-First to use a centrifuge to purify organelles
-Created pellets (intact vs injured)
-Intact showed respiratory activity due to mitochondria, injured showed hydrolytic activity due
to lysosomes
Lysosomes - Answer -Contain hydrolytic enzymes
-Cleave to degrade most normal molecules/proteins
-Enzymes not typical. Optimum pH of 5
Acid phosphatase - Answer -Single membrane bound
-Marker enzyme for lysosomes
Heterophagy - Answer -Eating others
-Closely related to lysosomes
Autophagy - Answer -Self eating/digesting material
-High turnover rate
-Leads to inc apoptosis, killing cancer cells
-Mitochondria (5-6 day half life)
-Peroxisomes (1-2 days)
Rudolph Virchow - Answer -1860s
-Looked at WBCs
, -Said what he was seeing was phagocytosis
-RBC is being engulfed by WBC which are fighting infection
Phagocytosis - Answer -Eat or be eaten
Opsinization - Answer -process where bacteria are covered with antibodies prior to being
phagocytosed by WBCs
-binding at the Fc receptor occurring in two ways
Myasthenia gravis - Answer -Rare neuromuscular autoimmune disease
-Example of heterophagy
-Symptoms: droopy eyelids- whole body is affected
Curare - Answer -1960s
-Patients treated with this
-Blocks the AcH receptors on neuromuscular junction
-patients recovered with drug blocking AcH-esterase
Dan Drachman - Answer -1970s
-John Hopkins
-Used radioisotopes with high AcH receptor affinity
-Used electric organ (made of electroplex) from a sting ray
-Added electroplex to mouse cells and got mAbs-> immune reactions
Yoshinori Ohsumi - Answer -2016 nobel prize winner
-autophagosome
-involved in many disease states (cell death, cancer, aging, type 2 diab)
Chloroquine - Answer -blocks autophagy
-anti-malarial drug
