TESTBANK n
TEST BANK FOR A CONCISE
n gh gh n
INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 13TH EDITION
ngh n g n
n h n g n
n h n g n
n h n
BY PATRICK J. HURLEY, LORI WATSON
n n n n n n
,Chapter 1 Test A
n n n
MULTIPLE CHOICE n
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments n n n n n n n n n
nand identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
n n n n n n n n
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. n n n n n n n n n n
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant. n n n n n n n n n
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women. n n n n n n n n n n
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less. n n n n n n n n n
ANS: D PTS: 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other metals
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure (which
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
(which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
that transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
information.
n
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" n n n n n n
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production. n n n n n n n n n n
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. n n n n
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
n n n n n n n n n
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information. n n n n n n n n
ANS: C PTS: 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emotion
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
the situation.
n n
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice n n n n n n
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely. n n n n n n n n n
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue n n n n n n n n n
itself. n
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation. n n n n n n n n n n
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices n n n n n n n n n n
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E PTS: 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
nmerchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
1
, of their employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
n n n n n n n n n n
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live. n n n n n n n n n n n n n
b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers n n n n n n n n n
pay. n
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax. n n n n n n n n
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes. n n n n n n n n n
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A PTS: 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more likely to
n n n n n n n n n n n n
be arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have received significantly
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
longer sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in prison. For both murder and
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
drug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the same offenses than
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
black women.
n n
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." n n n n n n n
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups. n n n n n n n
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women. n n n n n n n n n n
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced. n n n n n n n
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in n n n n n n n n n
prison. n
ANS: B PTS: 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing identity
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
visit pay-per-click ads.
n n n
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected n n n n n n n n n
PCs. n
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs. n n n n n n n n n
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads. n n n n n n n n n
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall. n n n n n n n n n n
ANS: E PTS: 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
through the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
state of interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
planetologists.
n
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy n n n n n
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. n n n n n n n n
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. n n n n n n n n
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. n n n n n n n n
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere. n n n n n n n n
ANS: C PTS: 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff,
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
2
, communities abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
medicines can be persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
and life sustaining prey will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
averted.
n
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. n n n n n n n n
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. n n n n n n
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed.
n n n n n n n n n
e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted.
n n n n n n n n n n
ANS: A PTS: 2
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
understand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
feel, learn, remember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
neurons communicate are crucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior and
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
mental processing.
n n
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction n n n n n
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. n n n n n n n n
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. n n n n n
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. n n n n n n n
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. n n n n n n n n
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D PTS: 2
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
nucleic acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
organisms only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
stored in a container on a shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells and cause disease.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations n n n n n n
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins.
n n n n n n n n n n n n
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope. n n n n n n n
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause
n n n n n n n n n
disease. n
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells.
n n n n n n n n
ANS: B PTS: 2
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
problem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down by
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
82 percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new photovoltaic
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
cells have been developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into electricity. Today
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
the costs of wind and solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired plants.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" n n n n
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants.
n n n n n n n n n n
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981.
n n n n n n n n n
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem.
n n n n n n n n n
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity.
n n n n n n n n
3
TEST BANK FOR A CONCISE
n gh gh n
INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 13TH EDITION
ngh n g n
n h n g n
n h n g n
n h n
BY PATRICK J. HURLEY, LORI WATSON
n n n n n n
,Chapter 1 Test A
n n n
MULTIPLE CHOICE n
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments n n n n n n n n n
nand identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
n n n n n n n n
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. n n n n n n n n n n
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant. n n n n n n n n n
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women. n n n n n n n n n n
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less. n n n n n n n n n
ANS: D PTS: 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other metals
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure (which
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
(which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
that transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
information.
n
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" n n n n n n
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production. n n n n n n n n n n
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. n n n n
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
n n n n n n n n n
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information. n n n n n n n n
ANS: C PTS: 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emotion
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
the situation.
n n
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice n n n n n n
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely. n n n n n n n n n
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue n n n n n n n n n
itself. n
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation. n n n n n n n n n n
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices n n n n n n n n n n
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E PTS: 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
nmerchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
1
, of their employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
n n n n n n n n n n
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live. n n n n n n n n n n n n n
b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers n n n n n n n n n
pay. n
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax. n n n n n n n n
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes. n n n n n n n n n
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A PTS: 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more likely to
n n n n n n n n n n n n
be arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have received significantly
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
longer sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in prison. For both murder and
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
drug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the same offenses than
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
black women.
n n
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." n n n n n n n
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups. n n n n n n n
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women. n n n n n n n n n n
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced. n n n n n n n
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in n n n n n n n n n
prison. n
ANS: B PTS: 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing identity
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
visit pay-per-click ads.
n n n
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected n n n n n n n n n
PCs. n
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs. n n n n n n n n n
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads. n n n n n n n n n
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall. n n n n n n n n n n
ANS: E PTS: 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
through the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
state of interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
planetologists.
n
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy n n n n n
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. n n n n n n n n
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. n n n n n n n n
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. n n n n n n n n
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere. n n n n n n n n
ANS: C PTS: 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff,
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
2
, communities abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
medicines can be persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
and life sustaining prey will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
averted.
n
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. n n n n n n n n
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. n n n n n n
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed.
n n n n n n n n n
e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted.
n n n n n n n n n n
ANS: A PTS: 2
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
understand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
feel, learn, remember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
neurons communicate are crucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior and
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
mental processing.
n n
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction n n n n n
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. n n n n n n n n
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. n n n n n
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. n n n n n n n
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. n n n n n n n n
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D PTS: 2
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
nucleic acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
organisms only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
stored in a container on a shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells and cause disease.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations n n n n n n
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins.
n n n n n n n n n n n n
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope. n n n n n n n
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause
n n n n n n n n n
disease. n
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells.
n n n n n n n n
ANS: B PTS: 2
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
problem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down by
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
82 percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new photovoltaic
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
cells have been developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into electricity. Today
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
the costs of wind and solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired plants.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" n n n n
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants.
n n n n n n n n n n
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981.
n n n n n n n n n
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem.
n n n n n n n n n
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity.
n n n n n n n n
3
