ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND
DISORDERS OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS | LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
What is the approximate size of the heart? - ANS About the size of a fist.
Where is the heart located? - ANS Within the mediastinum.
How much blood does the heart pump daily? - ANS 1000 gallons.
How many chambers does the heart have? - ANS Four chambers.
What is the location of the apical pulse? - ANS 5th intercostal mid-clavicular line.
What is the pathway of deoxygenated blood through the heart? - ANS Veins →
superior/inferior vena cava → right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary
artery → lungs.
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, What is the pathway of oxygenated blood through the heart? - ANS Lungs → pulmonary
veins → left atrium → bicuspid/mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic valve → aorta → into the
body.
What is the unique characteristic of veins and arteries in the heart compared to the rest of the
body? - ANS Veins in the heart carry clean oxygenated blood, while arteries carry dirty
deoxygenated blood.
Where is the tricuspid valve located? - ANS Between the right atrium and right ventricle.
What is the function of the pulmonary semilunar valve? - ANS Located between the right
ventricle and pulmonary arteries.
What is the role of the bicuspid/mitral valve? - ANS Located between the left atrium and left
ventricle.
What does the opening and closing of the AV valves create? - ANS The characteristic 'Lubb'
sound (S1).
What sound is produced by the opening and closing of the aortic and pulmonary semilunar
valves? - ANS The characteristic 'Dubb' sound (S2).
What does S3 heart sound indicate? - ANS Congestive heart failure (CHF) or regurgitation.
What does S4 heart sound resemble? - ANS The rhythm of 'Tennessee, Mississippi, horse
galloping.'
What is a pulse deficit? - ANS When the apical and radial pulse do not match.
What are the three layers of heart tissue? - ANS Endocardium (lining), myocardium (muscle),
epicardium (protective layer).
2 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
DISORDERS OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS | LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
What is the approximate size of the heart? - ANS About the size of a fist.
Where is the heart located? - ANS Within the mediastinum.
How much blood does the heart pump daily? - ANS 1000 gallons.
How many chambers does the heart have? - ANS Four chambers.
What is the location of the apical pulse? - ANS 5th intercostal mid-clavicular line.
What is the pathway of deoxygenated blood through the heart? - ANS Veins →
superior/inferior vena cava → right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary
artery → lungs.
1 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, What is the pathway of oxygenated blood through the heart? - ANS Lungs → pulmonary
veins → left atrium → bicuspid/mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic valve → aorta → into the
body.
What is the unique characteristic of veins and arteries in the heart compared to the rest of the
body? - ANS Veins in the heart carry clean oxygenated blood, while arteries carry dirty
deoxygenated blood.
Where is the tricuspid valve located? - ANS Between the right atrium and right ventricle.
What is the function of the pulmonary semilunar valve? - ANS Located between the right
ventricle and pulmonary arteries.
What is the role of the bicuspid/mitral valve? - ANS Located between the left atrium and left
ventricle.
What does the opening and closing of the AV valves create? - ANS The characteristic 'Lubb'
sound (S1).
What sound is produced by the opening and closing of the aortic and pulmonary semilunar
valves? - ANS The characteristic 'Dubb' sound (S2).
What does S3 heart sound indicate? - ANS Congestive heart failure (CHF) or regurgitation.
What does S4 heart sound resemble? - ANS The rhythm of 'Tennessee, Mississippi, horse
galloping.'
What is a pulse deficit? - ANS When the apical and radial pulse do not match.
What are the three layers of heart tissue? - ANS Endocardium (lining), myocardium (muscle),
epicardium (protective layer).
2 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
