ANP 1105 THE HEART EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS | LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
Describe the right side of the heart - ANS Function:
- Receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs.
Process:
- Blood flows into the right atrium from the systemic circuit.
- It then moves to the right ventricle, which pumps it through the pulmonary circuit (the
arteries and veins that carry blood to and from the lungs).
Purpose:
- In the lungs, blood eliminates carbon dioxide (CO2) and picks up oxygen (O2).
describe the left side of the heart: - ANS Function:
- Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body.
Process:
- Blood enters the left atrium from the pulmonary circuit.
- It then moves to the left ventricle, which pumps it through the systemic circuit (blood vessels
that carry blood to and from body tissues).
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,Purpose:
Deliver oxygen (O2) to tissues and collect carbon dioxide (CO2) for transport back to the lungs.
what are the receiving chambers of the heart? - ANS Right Atrium: Receives deoxygenated
blood returning from the systemic circuit.
Left Atrium: Receives oxygenated blood returning from the pulmonary circuit.
what are the pumping chambers of the heart? - ANS Right Ventricle: Pumps blood to the
lungs via the pulmonary circuit.
Left Ventricle: Pumps blood to the rest of the body via the systemic circuit.
What is the pericardium and what are it's two main layers? - ANS The pericardium is a
double-walled sac that surrounds the heart
1) Superficial Fibrous Pericardium:
- Function: Protects the heart, anchors it to surrounding structures, and prevents overfilling.
2) Deep Serous Pericardium:
Structure: Composed of two layers:
- Parietal Layer: Lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium.
- Visceral Layer (Epicardium): Covers the external surface of the heart.
- Pericardial Cavity: The space between these two layers contains fluid that reduces friction as
the heart beats.
conditions related to the pericardium = - ANS Pericarditis:
- Inflammation of the pericardium, which roughens the membrane surfaces.
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, - This can produce a characteristic pericardial friction rub (a creaking sound) that can be heard
with a stethoscope.
Cardiac Tamponade:
- When excess inflammatory fluid leaks into the pericardial space, it compresses the heart and
limits its pumping ability.
- Treatment typically involves drawing fluid out of the cavity using a syringe.
what are the three layers of the heart? - ANS 1) Epicardium:
- The outermost layer, also known as the visceral layer of the serous pericardium.
2) Myocardium:
- The thick, muscular middle layer made up of circular and spiral bundles of contractile cardiac
muscle cells.
- Contains a fibrous cardiac skeleton, a dense network of collagen and elastic fibers
that:Anchors cardiac muscle fibers.
- Supports heart valves and major blood vessels.
- Limits the spread of action potentials to specific pathways, ensuring coordinated heart
contractions.
3) Endocardium:
- The innermost layer that is continuous with the endothelial lining of blood vessels.
- Lines the heart chambers and covers the cardiac skeleton of the heart valves.
what are the internal features of the heart? - ANS The heart has four chambers: two superior
atria and two inferior ventricles.
Interatrial Septum: Separates the right and left atria.
- Fossa Ovalis: A remnant of the foramen ovale from the fetal heart, located in the interatrial
septum.
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QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS | LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
Describe the right side of the heart - ANS Function:
- Receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs.
Process:
- Blood flows into the right atrium from the systemic circuit.
- It then moves to the right ventricle, which pumps it through the pulmonary circuit (the
arteries and veins that carry blood to and from the lungs).
Purpose:
- In the lungs, blood eliminates carbon dioxide (CO2) and picks up oxygen (O2).
describe the left side of the heart: - ANS Function:
- Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body.
Process:
- Blood enters the left atrium from the pulmonary circuit.
- It then moves to the left ventricle, which pumps it through the systemic circuit (blood vessels
that carry blood to and from body tissues).
1 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Purpose:
Deliver oxygen (O2) to tissues and collect carbon dioxide (CO2) for transport back to the lungs.
what are the receiving chambers of the heart? - ANS Right Atrium: Receives deoxygenated
blood returning from the systemic circuit.
Left Atrium: Receives oxygenated blood returning from the pulmonary circuit.
what are the pumping chambers of the heart? - ANS Right Ventricle: Pumps blood to the
lungs via the pulmonary circuit.
Left Ventricle: Pumps blood to the rest of the body via the systemic circuit.
What is the pericardium and what are it's two main layers? - ANS The pericardium is a
double-walled sac that surrounds the heart
1) Superficial Fibrous Pericardium:
- Function: Protects the heart, anchors it to surrounding structures, and prevents overfilling.
2) Deep Serous Pericardium:
Structure: Composed of two layers:
- Parietal Layer: Lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium.
- Visceral Layer (Epicardium): Covers the external surface of the heart.
- Pericardial Cavity: The space between these two layers contains fluid that reduces friction as
the heart beats.
conditions related to the pericardium = - ANS Pericarditis:
- Inflammation of the pericardium, which roughens the membrane surfaces.
2 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, - This can produce a characteristic pericardial friction rub (a creaking sound) that can be heard
with a stethoscope.
Cardiac Tamponade:
- When excess inflammatory fluid leaks into the pericardial space, it compresses the heart and
limits its pumping ability.
- Treatment typically involves drawing fluid out of the cavity using a syringe.
what are the three layers of the heart? - ANS 1) Epicardium:
- The outermost layer, also known as the visceral layer of the serous pericardium.
2) Myocardium:
- The thick, muscular middle layer made up of circular and spiral bundles of contractile cardiac
muscle cells.
- Contains a fibrous cardiac skeleton, a dense network of collagen and elastic fibers
that:Anchors cardiac muscle fibers.
- Supports heart valves and major blood vessels.
- Limits the spread of action potentials to specific pathways, ensuring coordinated heart
contractions.
3) Endocardium:
- The innermost layer that is continuous with the endothelial lining of blood vessels.
- Lines the heart chambers and covers the cardiac skeleton of the heart valves.
what are the internal features of the heart? - ANS The heart has four chambers: two superior
atria and two inferior ventricles.
Interatrial Septum: Separates the right and left atria.
- Fossa Ovalis: A remnant of the foramen ovale from the fetal heart, located in the interatrial
septum.
3 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
