Human Genetics Exam 2 Questions with Verified Answers

Genetic linkage - ANSWERStwo genes that are located close together on the same chromosome. alleles on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together unless crossing-over occurs between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Recombinant offspring - ANSWERShave an arrangement of alleles on the chromosome that was not present in either parent Extranuclear DNA - ANSWERSDNA located outside of the nucleus Location of extranuclear DNA located in humans - ANSWERSmitochondria What type of inheritance does mitochondrial DNA show in humans? Why? - ANSWERSMaternal inheritance because the egg cell that provides mitochondria to a zygote Why are mitochondria semiautonomous? - ANSWERSMitochondria contain some of their own DNA and can encode for itself heteroplasmy - ANSWERScell contains two of more different genomes epigenetic inheritance - ANSWERSthe inheritance of genetic changes that affect gene expression, but does not affect DNA sequence genomic imprinting - ANSWERSone gene copy in a gene pair is silenced duplication - ANSWERSa section of a chromosome is duplicated deletion - ANSWERSa section of a chromosome is deleted inversion - ANSWERSa section of a chromosome is flipped 180 degrees in orientation balanced translocation - ANSWERSDNA moves from one chromosome to a non-homologous chromosome reciprocal translocation - ANSWERStwo non-homologous chromosomes swap genetic material 4 changes in chromosome structure - ANSWERS-abnormal crossing over between similar, but non-homologous sequences -chromosomes are broken and joined back together incorrectly -breaks can occur naturally or from certain environmental agents