HESI - Fundamentals practice \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
questions exam with correct answers \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
When turning an immobile bedridden client without assistance, which action by the nurse
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best ensures client safety?
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A. Securely grasp the client's arm and leg.
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B. Put bed rails up on the side of bed opposite from the nurse.
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C. Correctly position and use a turn sheet.
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D. Lower the head of the client's bed slowly. - correct answer✔✔B
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Rationale: Because the nurse can only stand on one side of the bed, bed rails should be up on
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the opposite side to ensure that the client does not fall out of bed. Option A can cause client
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injury to the skin or joint. Options C and D are useful techniques while turning a client but
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have less priority in terms of safety than use of the bed rails.
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The nurse identifies a potential for infection in a client with partial-thickness (second-degree)
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and full-thickness (third-degree) burns. What intervention has the highest priority in
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decreasing the client's risk of infection? \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
A. Administration of plasma expanders
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B. Use of careful handwashing technique
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C. Application of a topical antibacterial cream
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D. Limiting visitors to the client with burns - correct answer✔✔B
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Rationale: Careful handwashing technique is the single most effective intervention for the
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prevention of contamination to all clients. Option A reverses the hypovolemia that initially \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
accompanies burn trauma but is not related to decreasing the proliferation of infective \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
organisms. Options C and D are recommended by various burn centers as possible ways to \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
reduce the chance of infection. Option B is a proven technique to prevent infection.
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,The nurse is aware that malnutrition is a common problem among clients served by a
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community health clinic for the homeless. Which laboratory value is the most reliable \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
indicator of chronic protein malnutrition? \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
A. Low serum albumin level
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B. Low serum transferrin level
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C. High hemoglobin level
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D. High cholesterol level - correct answer✔✔A
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Rationale: Long-term protein deficiency is required to cause significantly lowered serum \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
albumin levels. Albumin is made by the liver only when adequate amounts of amino acids
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(from protein breakdown) are available. Albumin has a long half-life, so acute protein loss
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does not significantly alter serum levels. Option B is a serum protein with a half-life of only 8
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to 10 days, so it will drop with an acute protein deficiency. Options C and D are not clinical
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measures of protein malnutrition. \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
In completing a client's preoperative routine, the nurse finds that the operative permit is not
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signed. The client begins to ask more questions about the surgical procedure. Which action
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should the nurse take next? \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
A. Witness the client's signature to the permit.
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B. Answer the client's questions about the surgery.
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C. Inform the surgeon that the operative permit is not signed and the client has questions
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about the surgery. \|/\\// \|/\\//
D. Reassure the client that the surgeon will answer any questions before the anesthesia is
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administered. - correct answer✔✔C \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Rationale: The surgeon should be informed immediately that the permit is not signed. It is the \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
surgeon's responsibility to explain the procedure to the client and obtain the client's signature \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
on the permit. Although the nurse can witness an operative permit, the procedure must first
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be explained by the health care provider or surgeon, including answering the client's
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questions. The client's questions should be addressed before the permit is signed. \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
The nurse is assessing several clients prior to surgery. Which factor in a client's history poses
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the greatest threat for complications to occur during surgery?
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,A. Taking birth control pills for the past 2 years
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B. Taking anticoagulants for the past year
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C. Recently completing antibiotic therapy
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D. Having taken laxatives PRN for the last 6 months - correct answer✔✔B
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Rationale:
Anticoagulants increase the risk for bleeding during surgery, which can pose a threat for the \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
development of surgical complications. The health care provider should be informed that the \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
client is taking these drugs. Although clients who take birth control pills may be more
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susceptible to the development of thrombi, such problems usually occur postoperatively. A \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
client with option C or D is at less of a surgical risk than with option B.
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When assisting a client from the bed to a chair, which procedure is best for the nurse to
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follow?
A. Place the chair parallel to the bed, with its back toward the head of the bed and assist the
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client in moving to the chair. \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
B. With the nurse's feet spread apart and knees aligned with the client's knees, stand and
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pivot the client into the chair. \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
C. Assist the client to a standing position by gently lifting upward, underneath the axillae.
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D. Stand beside the client, place the client's arms around the nurse's neck, and gently move
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the client to the chair. - correct answer✔✔B
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Rationale: Option B describes the correct positioning of the nurse and affords the nurse a \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
wide base of support while stabilizing the client's knees when assisting to a standing position.
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The chair should be placed at a 45-degree angle to the bed, with the back of the chair toward
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the head of the bed. Clients should never be lifted under the axillae; this could damage
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nerves and strain the nurse's back. The client should be instructed to use the arms of the
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chair and should never place his or her arms around the nurse's neck; this places undue stress
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on the nurse's neck and back and increases the risk for a fall.
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Which step(s) should the nurse take when administering ear drops to an adult client? (Select
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all that apply.)
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A. Place the client in a side-lying position.
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, B. Pull the auricle upward and outward.
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C. Hold the dropper 6 cm above the ear canal.
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D. Place a cotton ball into the inner canal.
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E. Pull the auricle down and back. - correct answer✔✔A, B
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Rationale: The correct answers (A and B) are the appropriate administration of ear drops. The \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
dropper should be held 1 cm (½ inch) above the ear canal (C). A cotton ball should be placed
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in the outermost canal (D). The auricle is pulled down and back for a child younger than 3
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years of age, but not an adult (E).\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
The nurse is instructing a client in the proper use of a metered-dose inhaler. Which instruction
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should the nurse provide the client to ensure the optimal benefits from the drug?
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A. "Fill your lungs with air through your mouth and then compress the inhaler."
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B. "Compress the inhaler while slowly breathing in through your mouth."
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C. "Compress the inhaler while inhaling quickly through your nose."
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D. "Exhale completely after compressing the inhaler and then inhale." - correct answer✔✔B
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Rationale: The medication should be inhaled through the mouth simultaneously with \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
compression of the inhaler. This will facilitate the desired destination of the aerosol \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
medication deep in the lungs for an optimal bronchodilation effect. Options A, C, and D do \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
not allow for deep lung penetration.
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A 20-year-old female client with a noticeable body odor has refused to shower for the last 3
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days. She states, "I have been told that it is harmful to bathe during my period." Which action
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should the nurse take first? \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
A. Accept and document the client's wish to refrain from bathing.
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B. Offer to give the client a bed bath, avoiding the perineal area.
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C. Obtain written brochures about menstruation to give to the client.
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D. Teach the importance of personal hygiene during menstruation with the client. - correct
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answer✔✔D
Rationale: Because a shower is most beneficial for the client in terms of hygiene, the client \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
should receive teaching first, respecting any personal beliefs such as cultural or spiritual
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questions exam with correct answers \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
When turning an immobile bedridden client without assistance, which action by the nurse
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best ensures client safety?
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A. Securely grasp the client's arm and leg.
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B. Put bed rails up on the side of bed opposite from the nurse.
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C. Correctly position and use a turn sheet.
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D. Lower the head of the client's bed slowly. - correct answer✔✔B
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Rationale: Because the nurse can only stand on one side of the bed, bed rails should be up on
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the opposite side to ensure that the client does not fall out of bed. Option A can cause client
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injury to the skin or joint. Options C and D are useful techniques while turning a client but
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have less priority in terms of safety than use of the bed rails.
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The nurse identifies a potential for infection in a client with partial-thickness (second-degree)
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and full-thickness (third-degree) burns. What intervention has the highest priority in
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decreasing the client's risk of infection? \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
A. Administration of plasma expanders
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B. Use of careful handwashing technique
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C. Application of a topical antibacterial cream
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D. Limiting visitors to the client with burns - correct answer✔✔B
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Rationale: Careful handwashing technique is the single most effective intervention for the
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prevention of contamination to all clients. Option A reverses the hypovolemia that initially \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
accompanies burn trauma but is not related to decreasing the proliferation of infective \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
organisms. Options C and D are recommended by various burn centers as possible ways to \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
reduce the chance of infection. Option B is a proven technique to prevent infection.
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,The nurse is aware that malnutrition is a common problem among clients served by a
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community health clinic for the homeless. Which laboratory value is the most reliable \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
indicator of chronic protein malnutrition? \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
A. Low serum albumin level
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B. Low serum transferrin level
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C. High hemoglobin level
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D. High cholesterol level - correct answer✔✔A
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Rationale: Long-term protein deficiency is required to cause significantly lowered serum \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
albumin levels. Albumin is made by the liver only when adequate amounts of amino acids
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(from protein breakdown) are available. Albumin has a long half-life, so acute protein loss
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does not significantly alter serum levels. Option B is a serum protein with a half-life of only 8
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to 10 days, so it will drop with an acute protein deficiency. Options C and D are not clinical
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measures of protein malnutrition. \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
In completing a client's preoperative routine, the nurse finds that the operative permit is not
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signed. The client begins to ask more questions about the surgical procedure. Which action
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should the nurse take next? \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
A. Witness the client's signature to the permit.
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B. Answer the client's questions about the surgery.
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C. Inform the surgeon that the operative permit is not signed and the client has questions
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about the surgery. \|/\\// \|/\\//
D. Reassure the client that the surgeon will answer any questions before the anesthesia is
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administered. - correct answer✔✔C \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Rationale: The surgeon should be informed immediately that the permit is not signed. It is the \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
surgeon's responsibility to explain the procedure to the client and obtain the client's signature \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
on the permit. Although the nurse can witness an operative permit, the procedure must first
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be explained by the health care provider or surgeon, including answering the client's
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questions. The client's questions should be addressed before the permit is signed. \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
The nurse is assessing several clients prior to surgery. Which factor in a client's history poses
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the greatest threat for complications to occur during surgery?
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,A. Taking birth control pills for the past 2 years
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B. Taking anticoagulants for the past year
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C. Recently completing antibiotic therapy
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D. Having taken laxatives PRN for the last 6 months - correct answer✔✔B
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Rationale:
Anticoagulants increase the risk for bleeding during surgery, which can pose a threat for the \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
development of surgical complications. The health care provider should be informed that the \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
client is taking these drugs. Although clients who take birth control pills may be more
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susceptible to the development of thrombi, such problems usually occur postoperatively. A \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
client with option C or D is at less of a surgical risk than with option B.
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When assisting a client from the bed to a chair, which procedure is best for the nurse to
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follow?
A. Place the chair parallel to the bed, with its back toward the head of the bed and assist the
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client in moving to the chair. \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
B. With the nurse's feet spread apart and knees aligned with the client's knees, stand and
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pivot the client into the chair. \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
C. Assist the client to a standing position by gently lifting upward, underneath the axillae.
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D. Stand beside the client, place the client's arms around the nurse's neck, and gently move
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the client to the chair. - correct answer✔✔B
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Rationale: Option B describes the correct positioning of the nurse and affords the nurse a \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
wide base of support while stabilizing the client's knees when assisting to a standing position.
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The chair should be placed at a 45-degree angle to the bed, with the back of the chair toward
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the head of the bed. Clients should never be lifted under the axillae; this could damage
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nerves and strain the nurse's back. The client should be instructed to use the arms of the
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chair and should never place his or her arms around the nurse's neck; this places undue stress
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on the nurse's neck and back and increases the risk for a fall.
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Which step(s) should the nurse take when administering ear drops to an adult client? (Select
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all that apply.)
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A. Place the client in a side-lying position.
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, B. Pull the auricle upward and outward.
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C. Hold the dropper 6 cm above the ear canal.
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D. Place a cotton ball into the inner canal.
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E. Pull the auricle down and back. - correct answer✔✔A, B
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Rationale: The correct answers (A and B) are the appropriate administration of ear drops. The \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
dropper should be held 1 cm (½ inch) above the ear canal (C). A cotton ball should be placed
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in the outermost canal (D). The auricle is pulled down and back for a child younger than 3
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years of age, but not an adult (E).\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
The nurse is instructing a client in the proper use of a metered-dose inhaler. Which instruction
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should the nurse provide the client to ensure the optimal benefits from the drug?
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A. "Fill your lungs with air through your mouth and then compress the inhaler."
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B. "Compress the inhaler while slowly breathing in through your mouth."
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C. "Compress the inhaler while inhaling quickly through your nose."
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D. "Exhale completely after compressing the inhaler and then inhale." - correct answer✔✔B
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Rationale: The medication should be inhaled through the mouth simultaneously with \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
compression of the inhaler. This will facilitate the desired destination of the aerosol \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
medication deep in the lungs for an optimal bronchodilation effect. Options A, C, and D do \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
not allow for deep lung penetration.
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A 20-year-old female client with a noticeable body odor has refused to shower for the last 3
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days. She states, "I have been told that it is harmful to bathe during my period." Which action
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should the nurse take first? \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
A. Accept and document the client's wish to refrain from bathing.
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B. Offer to give the client a bed bath, avoiding the perineal area.
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C. Obtain written brochures about menstruation to give to the client.
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D. Teach the importance of personal hygiene during menstruation with the client. - correct
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answer✔✔D
Rationale: Because a shower is most beneficial for the client in terms of hygiene, the client \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
should receive teaching first, respecting any personal beliefs such as cultural or spiritual
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