Chapter 38: Activity and Exercise
ra ra ra ra
MULTIPLE CHOICE ra
1. A nursing attendant observes a hospital client rising from a chair slowly by pushing on t
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
he chair arms. Which type of tension and contraction did the nursing attendant observe
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? a. Eccentric tension and isotonic contraction ra ra ra ra
b. Eccentric tension and isometric contraction ra ra ra ra
c. Concentric tension and isotonic contraction ra ra ra ra
d. Concentric tension and isometric contraction ra ra ra ra
ACCURATE ar
ANSWER:-A
This movement causes eccentric tension and isotonic contraction. Eccentric tension helps co
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ntrol the speed and direction of movement. For example, when using an overhead trapeze, the
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar r
hospital client slowly lowers himself to the bed. The lowering is controlled when the antago
a ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
nistic muscles lengthen. By pushing on the chair arms and rising eccentric tension and isotonic
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar r
contraction occurred. In concentric tension, increased muscle contraction causes muscle sho
a ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
rtening, resulting in movement such as when a hospital client uses an overhead trapeze to pul
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
l up in bed. Concentric and eccentric muscle actions are necessary for active movement and t
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
herefore are referred to as dynamic or isotonic contraction. Isometric contraction (static cont
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
raction) causes an increase in muscle tension or muscle work but no shortening or active mov
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ement of the muscle (e.g., instructing the hospital client to tighten and relax a muscle group, a
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
s in quadriceps set exercises or pelvic floor exercises).
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra
OBJ:Describe the role of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems in the regulation of activity and e
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
xercise. TOP:Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance ra ra ra ra
2. A nursing attendant notices that a hospital client has a structural curvature of the spine
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
associated with vertebral rotation. Which condition will the nursing attendant most lik
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
e ly find documented in the hospital client ’s medical record? a. Scoliosis
ar ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
b. Arthritis
c. Osteomalacia
d. Osteogenesis
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A ra
Scoliosis is a structural curvature of the spine associated with vertebral rotation. Osteogenesis i
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
mp erfecta is an inherited disorder that makes bones porous, short, bowed, and deformed.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
Osteomalacia is an uncommon metabolic disease characterized by inadequate and delayed mi
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
neralization, resulting in compact and spongy bone. Arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra r
characterized by inflammation or destruction of the synovial membrane and articular cartilage
a ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra
and by systemic signs of inflammation.
ra ra ra ra ra
DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra
OBJ:Describe the role of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems in the regulation of activity and e
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
xercise. TOP:Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance ra ra ra ra
,3. A nursing attendant is caring for a hospital client who is experiencing some symptoms r
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ela
ted to arthritis. The nursing attendant is teaching the hospital client about this process.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
W hich information will the nursing attendant include in the teaching session?
ra a. ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
This will affect synovial fluid.
ra ra ra ra
b. This will affect the body systemically. ra ra ra ra ra
c. This involves mostly non–weight-bearing joints. ra ra ra ra
d. This involves an increased risk for impaired weight bearing.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D ra
Joint degeneration, which can occur with inflammatory and noninflammatory disease, is mar
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ked by changes in articular cartilage combined with overgrowth of bone at the articular ends.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra r
Degenerative changes commonly affect weightbearing joints. Synovial fluid is normal in noninfla
a ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra
mmatory diseases. Inflammatory joint disea ra ra ra ra
se (e.g., arthritis) is characterized by inflammation or destruction of the synovial membrane an
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
d articular cartilage and by systemic signs of inflammation.
ra ra ra ra ra ar ra ra
DIF:Apply (application) ra
OBJ:Examine the importance of exercise and activity for maintaining and promoting health.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
TOP:Teaching/Learning MSC: Physiological Adaptation ra ra
4. The nursing attendant providing care to a bedridden hospital client raises the height of
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
the bed. What is the rationale for the nursing attendant ’s action?
ra ra a. ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
Narrows the nursing attendant ’s base of support. ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
b. Allows the nursing attendant to bring feet closer together. ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
c. Prevents a shift in the nursing attendant ’s base of support. ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
d. Shifts the nursing attendant ’s center of gravity farther away from the base of support.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C ra
Raising the height of the bed when performing a procedure prevents bending too far at the w
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
aist and shifting the base of support. Balance is maintained by proper body alignment and pos
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ture through two simple techniques. First, widen the base of support by separating the feet to a
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra r
comfortable distance. Second, increase balance by bringing the center of gravity closer to the b
a ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra
ase of support. ra ra
DIF:Apply (application) ra
OBJ:Discuss the rationale for the use of safe hospital client handling techniques when transferring
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
and assisting hospital client s with ambulation.
ra ra ra ra ra ra
TOP:Planning MSC: Safety and ra ra ra ar
Infection Control ra
5. A nursing attendant is following the nolift policy when working to prevent personal inju
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ry from twisting. Which type of personal b
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ack injury is the nursing attendant most likely trying to prevent? a. Thoracic
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra
b. Cervical
c. Lumbar
d. Sacral
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C ra
The most common back injury for nursing attendant s is strain on the lumbar muscle group,
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
which includes the muscles around the lumbar vertebrae that are commonly injured by twisti
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ng during the lifting of hospital client s. While cervical, thoracic, and sacral can occur, lumbar i
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra
s the most common.
ra ra ra
, DIF:Apply (application) ra
OBJ:Discuss the rationale for the use of safe hospital client ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
handling techniques when ra ra ar
transferring and assisting hospital client s with ambulation. ra ra ra ra ra ra ra TOP:Planning MSC: ra
Health Promotion and Maintenance ra ra ra
6. The nursing attendant is caring for a hospital client in the emergency department with a
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
n injured elbow. Which type of joint will the nursing attendant assess? a. Fibrous
ar ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
b. Synovial
c. Synergistic
d. Cartilaginous
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B ra
Synovial joints, or true joints, such as the hinge type at the elbow, are freely movable and the mo
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
st mobile, numerous, and anatomically complex body joints. Fibrous joints fit closely togethe
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
r and are fixed, permitting little, if any, movement such as the syndesmosis between the tibia
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
and the fibula. Synergistic is a type of muscle, not joint. Cartilaginous joints have little move
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ment but are elastic and use cartilage to unite separate bony surfaces such as the synchondro
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
sis that attaches the ribs to the costal cartilage.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra
OBJ:Discuss the role of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems in the regulation of activity and e
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
xercise. TOP:Assessment MSC: Physiological Adaptation ra ra
7. The nursing attendant is caring for a hospital client
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with inner ear problems. Which goal is the priority?
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
a. Maintain balance. ra
b. Maintain proprioception. ra
c. Maintain muscle strength. ra ra
d. Maintain body alignment. ra ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A ra
Within the inner ear are the semicircular canals, three fluidfilled structures that help maintain b
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
alance. Proprioception is the awareness of the position of
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra r
the body and its parts, and proprioceptors are located on nerve endings, not the inner ear. M
a ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
uscle strength is maintained with activity and exercise. Although body alignment is importan
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
t, it is not maintained by the inner ear.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
DIF:Apply (application) ra
OBJ:Discuss the role of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems in the regulation of activity and e
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
xercise. TOP:Planning MSC: Safety and Infection Control ra ra ra ra
8. A nursing attendant is teaching a health promotion class about isotonic exercises.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
Which types of exercises will the nursing attendant give as examples? a.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
Swimming, jogging, and bicycling ra ra ra
b. Tightening or tensing of muscles without moving body parts ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
c. Quadriceps set exercises and contraction of the gluteal muscles ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
d. Push-ups, hip lifting, pushing feet against a footboard on the bed ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A ra
Examples of isotonic exercises are walking, swimming, dance aerobics, jogging, bicycling, an
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
d moving arms and legs with light resistance. Isometric exercises involve tightening or tensin
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ra ra ra ra
MULTIPLE CHOICE ra
1. A nursing attendant observes a hospital client rising from a chair slowly by pushing on t
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
he chair arms. Which type of tension and contraction did the nursing attendant observe
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
? a. Eccentric tension and isotonic contraction ra ra ra ra
b. Eccentric tension and isometric contraction ra ra ra ra
c. Concentric tension and isotonic contraction ra ra ra ra
d. Concentric tension and isometric contraction ra ra ra ra
ACCURATE ar
ANSWER:-A
This movement causes eccentric tension and isotonic contraction. Eccentric tension helps co
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ntrol the speed and direction of movement. For example, when using an overhead trapeze, the
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar r
hospital client slowly lowers himself to the bed. The lowering is controlled when the antago
a ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
nistic muscles lengthen. By pushing on the chair arms and rising eccentric tension and isotonic
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar r
contraction occurred. In concentric tension, increased muscle contraction causes muscle sho
a ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
rtening, resulting in movement such as when a hospital client uses an overhead trapeze to pul
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
l up in bed. Concentric and eccentric muscle actions are necessary for active movement and t
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
herefore are referred to as dynamic or isotonic contraction. Isometric contraction (static cont
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
raction) causes an increase in muscle tension or muscle work but no shortening or active mov
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ement of the muscle (e.g., instructing the hospital client to tighten and relax a muscle group, a
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
s in quadriceps set exercises or pelvic floor exercises).
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra
OBJ:Describe the role of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems in the regulation of activity and e
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
xercise. TOP:Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance ra ra ra ra
2. A nursing attendant notices that a hospital client has a structural curvature of the spine
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
associated with vertebral rotation. Which condition will the nursing attendant most lik
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
e ly find documented in the hospital client ’s medical record? a. Scoliosis
ar ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
b. Arthritis
c. Osteomalacia
d. Osteogenesis
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A ra
Scoliosis is a structural curvature of the spine associated with vertebral rotation. Osteogenesis i
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
mp erfecta is an inherited disorder that makes bones porous, short, bowed, and deformed.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
Osteomalacia is an uncommon metabolic disease characterized by inadequate and delayed mi
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
neralization, resulting in compact and spongy bone. Arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra r
characterized by inflammation or destruction of the synovial membrane and articular cartilage
a ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra
and by systemic signs of inflammation.
ra ra ra ra ra
DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra
OBJ:Describe the role of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems in the regulation of activity and e
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
xercise. TOP:Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance ra ra ra ra
,3. A nursing attendant is caring for a hospital client who is experiencing some symptoms r
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ela
ted to arthritis. The nursing attendant is teaching the hospital client about this process.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
W hich information will the nursing attendant include in the teaching session?
ra a. ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
This will affect synovial fluid.
ra ra ra ra
b. This will affect the body systemically. ra ra ra ra ra
c. This involves mostly non–weight-bearing joints. ra ra ra ra
d. This involves an increased risk for impaired weight bearing.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D ra
Joint degeneration, which can occur with inflammatory and noninflammatory disease, is mar
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ked by changes in articular cartilage combined with overgrowth of bone at the articular ends.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra r
Degenerative changes commonly affect weightbearing joints. Synovial fluid is normal in noninfla
a ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra
mmatory diseases. Inflammatory joint disea ra ra ra ra
se (e.g., arthritis) is characterized by inflammation or destruction of the synovial membrane an
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
d articular cartilage and by systemic signs of inflammation.
ra ra ra ra ra ar ra ra
DIF:Apply (application) ra
OBJ:Examine the importance of exercise and activity for maintaining and promoting health.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
TOP:Teaching/Learning MSC: Physiological Adaptation ra ra
4. The nursing attendant providing care to a bedridden hospital client raises the height of
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
the bed. What is the rationale for the nursing attendant ’s action?
ra ra a. ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
Narrows the nursing attendant ’s base of support. ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
b. Allows the nursing attendant to bring feet closer together. ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
c. Prevents a shift in the nursing attendant ’s base of support. ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
d. Shifts the nursing attendant ’s center of gravity farther away from the base of support.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C ra
Raising the height of the bed when performing a procedure prevents bending too far at the w
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
aist and shifting the base of support. Balance is maintained by proper body alignment and pos
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ture through two simple techniques. First, widen the base of support by separating the feet to a
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra r
comfortable distance. Second, increase balance by bringing the center of gravity closer to the b
a ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra
ase of support. ra ra
DIF:Apply (application) ra
OBJ:Discuss the rationale for the use of safe hospital client handling techniques when transferring
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
and assisting hospital client s with ambulation.
ra ra ra ra ra ra
TOP:Planning MSC: Safety and ra ra ra ar
Infection Control ra
5. A nursing attendant is following the nolift policy when working to prevent personal inju
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ry from twisting. Which type of personal b
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ack injury is the nursing attendant most likely trying to prevent? a. Thoracic
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra
b. Cervical
c. Lumbar
d. Sacral
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C ra
The most common back injury for nursing attendant s is strain on the lumbar muscle group,
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
which includes the muscles around the lumbar vertebrae that are commonly injured by twisti
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ng during the lifting of hospital client s. While cervical, thoracic, and sacral can occur, lumbar i
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar ra
s the most common.
ra ra ra
, DIF:Apply (application) ra
OBJ:Discuss the rationale for the use of safe hospital client ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
handling techniques when ra ra ar
transferring and assisting hospital client s with ambulation. ra ra ra ra ra ra ra TOP:Planning MSC: ra
Health Promotion and Maintenance ra ra ra
6. The nursing attendant is caring for a hospital client in the emergency department with a
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
n injured elbow. Which type of joint will the nursing attendant assess? a. Fibrous
ar ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
b. Synovial
c. Synergistic
d. Cartilaginous
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B ra
Synovial joints, or true joints, such as the hinge type at the elbow, are freely movable and the mo
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
st mobile, numerous, and anatomically complex body joints. Fibrous joints fit closely togethe
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
r and are fixed, permitting little, if any, movement such as the syndesmosis between the tibia
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
and the fibula. Synergistic is a type of muscle, not joint. Cartilaginous joints have little move
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ment but are elastic and use cartilage to unite separate bony surfaces such as the synchondro
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
sis that attaches the ribs to the costal cartilage.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
DIF:Understand (comprehension) ra
OBJ:Discuss the role of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems in the regulation of activity and e
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
xercise. TOP:Assessment MSC: Physiological Adaptation ra ra
7. The nursing attendant is caring for a hospital client
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
with inner ear problems. Which goal is the priority?
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
a. Maintain balance. ra
b. Maintain proprioception. ra
c. Maintain muscle strength. ra ra
d. Maintain body alignment. ra ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A ra
Within the inner ear are the semicircular canals, three fluidfilled structures that help maintain b
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
alance. Proprioception is the awareness of the position of
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra r
the body and its parts, and proprioceptors are located on nerve endings, not the inner ear. M
a ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
uscle strength is maintained with activity and exercise. Although body alignment is importan
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
t, it is not maintained by the inner ear.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
DIF:Apply (application) ra
OBJ:Discuss the role of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems in the regulation of activity and e
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
xercise. TOP:Planning MSC: Safety and Infection Control ra ra ra ra
8. A nursing attendant is teaching a health promotion class about isotonic exercises.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ar
Which types of exercises will the nursing attendant give as examples? a.
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
Swimming, jogging, and bicycling ra ra ra
b. Tightening or tensing of muscles without moving body parts ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
c. Quadriceps set exercises and contraction of the gluteal muscles ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
d. Push-ups, hip lifting, pushing feet against a footboard on the bed ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A ra
Examples of isotonic exercises are walking, swimming, dance aerobics, jogging, bicycling, an
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
d moving arms and legs with light resistance. Isometric exercises involve tightening or tensin
ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra
