Micro 290 - Midterm Exam Chapters
(1,3,4,5,6,7,8,11,12,13) Questions and
Answers.
Inducible Operon - Answer Type of operon that is not normally transcribed and must be
activated by inducers
Golgi Body - Answer In eukaryotic cells, a series of flattened, hollow sacs surrounded by
phospholipid bilayers and functioning to package large molecules for export in secretory vesicles
Coenzyme - Answer organic cofactor
Lysogenic Conversion - Answer Change in phenotype due to insertion of a lysogenic
bacteriophage into a bacterial chromosome.
Order - Answer Taxonomical grouping of similar families of organisms
Staphylococcus - Answer A cluster of cocci
Nitrogen Fixation - Answer The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia
Endocytosis - Answer Active transport process, used by some eukaryotic cells, in which
pseudopods surround a substance and move it into the cell
Schizogony - Answer Special type of asexual reproduction in which the protozoan Plasmodium
undergoes multiple mitoses to form a multinucleate schizont
Transposon - Answer Segment of DNA found in most prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses that
codes for the enzyme transposase and can move from one location in a DNA molecule to
another location in the same or a different molecule
Cristae - Answer Folds within the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that increases its
surface area
,Subunit vaccine - Answer Type of vaccine developed using recombinant DNA technology that
exposes the recipient's immune system to a pathogen's antigens but not the pathogen itself
Hyperthermophile - Answer Microorganisms requiring temperature above 80 C
Wavelength - Answer The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave
Negative-sense single-stranded RNA (negative single-stranded RNA - Answer Viral single-
stranded RNA that is not recognized by some ribosomes
Phycoerythrin - Answer Red accessory pigment of photosynthesis in red algae
Biofilm - Answer A slimy community of microbes growing on a surface
Organelle - Answer Cellular structure that acts as a tiny organ to carry out one or more cell
functions
Centrosome - Answer Region of a cell containing centrioles
Phaeophyta - Answer Brown-pigmented division of algae having cell walls composed of
cellulose and alginic acid, a thickening agent
Diplococcus - Answer pair of cocci
Viable Plate Count - Answer Estimation of the size of a microbial population based upon the
number of colonies formed when diluted samples are plated onto agar media
Scanning Tunneling Microscope - Answer Type of probe microscope in which a metallic probe
passes slightly above the surface of the specimen, revealing surface details at the atomic level
Exocytosis - Answer Active transport process, used by some eukaryotic cells, in which vesicles
fuse with the cytoplasmic membrane and export their substances from the cell
, Central Dogma - Answer In genetics, fundamental description of proteins synthesis that states
that genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA to polypeptides, which function alone
or in conjunction as proteins
Substrate - Answer The molecule upon which and enzyme acts
Optimum Growth Temperature - Answer Temperature at which a microorganism's metabolic
activities produce the highest growth rate
Basidiomycota - Answer Division of fungi characterized by production of basidiospores and
basidiocarps
Coccus - Answer Spherical Prokaryotic Cell
Horizontal (Lateral) gene transfer - Answer Process in which a donor cell contributes part of its
genome to a recipient cell, which may be a different species or genus from the donor
Taxonomic System - Answer A system for naming and grouping similar organisms together.
Helminths - Answer Multicellular eukaryotic worms, some of which are parasitic
Rhodophyta - Answer Red Algae, generally containing the pigment phycoerythrin, the storage
molecule floridean starch, and cell walls of agar or carrageenan.
Diffusion - Answer The net movement of a chemical down its concentration gradient
Phage Typing - Answer Method of classifying microorganisms in which unknown bacteria are
identified by observing plaques
Taxis - Answer Cell movement that occurs as a positive or negative response to light or
chemicals
Gene - Answer A specific sequence of nucleotides that codes for a polypeptide or an RNA
molecule
(1,3,4,5,6,7,8,11,12,13) Questions and
Answers.
Inducible Operon - Answer Type of operon that is not normally transcribed and must be
activated by inducers
Golgi Body - Answer In eukaryotic cells, a series of flattened, hollow sacs surrounded by
phospholipid bilayers and functioning to package large molecules for export in secretory vesicles
Coenzyme - Answer organic cofactor
Lysogenic Conversion - Answer Change in phenotype due to insertion of a lysogenic
bacteriophage into a bacterial chromosome.
Order - Answer Taxonomical grouping of similar families of organisms
Staphylococcus - Answer A cluster of cocci
Nitrogen Fixation - Answer The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia
Endocytosis - Answer Active transport process, used by some eukaryotic cells, in which
pseudopods surround a substance and move it into the cell
Schizogony - Answer Special type of asexual reproduction in which the protozoan Plasmodium
undergoes multiple mitoses to form a multinucleate schizont
Transposon - Answer Segment of DNA found in most prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses that
codes for the enzyme transposase and can move from one location in a DNA molecule to
another location in the same or a different molecule
Cristae - Answer Folds within the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that increases its
surface area
,Subunit vaccine - Answer Type of vaccine developed using recombinant DNA technology that
exposes the recipient's immune system to a pathogen's antigens but not the pathogen itself
Hyperthermophile - Answer Microorganisms requiring temperature above 80 C
Wavelength - Answer The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave
Negative-sense single-stranded RNA (negative single-stranded RNA - Answer Viral single-
stranded RNA that is not recognized by some ribosomes
Phycoerythrin - Answer Red accessory pigment of photosynthesis in red algae
Biofilm - Answer A slimy community of microbes growing on a surface
Organelle - Answer Cellular structure that acts as a tiny organ to carry out one or more cell
functions
Centrosome - Answer Region of a cell containing centrioles
Phaeophyta - Answer Brown-pigmented division of algae having cell walls composed of
cellulose and alginic acid, a thickening agent
Diplococcus - Answer pair of cocci
Viable Plate Count - Answer Estimation of the size of a microbial population based upon the
number of colonies formed when diluted samples are plated onto agar media
Scanning Tunneling Microscope - Answer Type of probe microscope in which a metallic probe
passes slightly above the surface of the specimen, revealing surface details at the atomic level
Exocytosis - Answer Active transport process, used by some eukaryotic cells, in which vesicles
fuse with the cytoplasmic membrane and export their substances from the cell
, Central Dogma - Answer In genetics, fundamental description of proteins synthesis that states
that genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA to polypeptides, which function alone
or in conjunction as proteins
Substrate - Answer The molecule upon which and enzyme acts
Optimum Growth Temperature - Answer Temperature at which a microorganism's metabolic
activities produce the highest growth rate
Basidiomycota - Answer Division of fungi characterized by production of basidiospores and
basidiocarps
Coccus - Answer Spherical Prokaryotic Cell
Horizontal (Lateral) gene transfer - Answer Process in which a donor cell contributes part of its
genome to a recipient cell, which may be a different species or genus from the donor
Taxonomic System - Answer A system for naming and grouping similar organisms together.
Helminths - Answer Multicellular eukaryotic worms, some of which are parasitic
Rhodophyta - Answer Red Algae, generally containing the pigment phycoerythrin, the storage
molecule floridean starch, and cell walls of agar or carrageenan.
Diffusion - Answer The net movement of a chemical down its concentration gradient
Phage Typing - Answer Method of classifying microorganisms in which unknown bacteria are
identified by observing plaques
Taxis - Answer Cell movement that occurs as a positive or negative response to light or
chemicals
Gene - Answer A specific sequence of nucleotides that codes for a polypeptide or an RNA
molecule
