Communication in Nursing final exam
> 65 - Answer-by 2030, 1 in 8 americans will be
erikson stage 8 - Answer-integrity vs despair
65-74 - Answer-young/old
75-84 - Answer-old old
85+ - Answer-oldest old
aging - Answer-a universal life process of advancing through the life cycle beginning at birth and ending
at death
mid 80s - Answer-older adults become frailer in their
thriving - Answer-Staying as active as possible and as engaged in life with supportive relationships is key
to thriving as an older adult
Communication Guidelines - Answer-- Establish rapport
- Use open-ended questions first followed by focused questions
- Ask one question at a time
- Elicit client perspectives
,- Elicit family perspectives if indicated
- Invite ideas about diagnosis and treatment
- Acknowledge feelings and emotions
- Communicate a willingness to help
- Provide information in small segments
- Summarize the problem or condition discussed in the interview
- Validate the client and or family for accuracy
- Provide contact information for further concerns
Assessment Strategies - Answer-•Older clients are reluctant to expose themselves as vulnerable
•Family members can be helpful in calming the client
•Older adults tend to be more responsive when time is taken to establish trust
•Sensitive issues: loneliness, abuse, neglect, memory loss, fears of death, frailty, incontinence, alcohol
abuse, sexual dysfunction
changes in the environment - Answer-people's sense of hearing alerts them to
withdraw from relationships, become depressed or be less likely to seek information - Answer-when
deprived of hearing clients may
communication strategies for hearing loss - Answer-- stand directly in front of the client
- choose a quiet place and decrease environmental noise
- tap on table or floor to get attention
- use facial expressions/hand gestures
- well articulated/moderate tone
- try to rely on visual materials
,- close captioned television
- encourage verbalizing
>50yrs - Answer-majority of Americans with vision loss are
presbyopia - Answer-cannot accommodate between near and far
age-related macular degeneration - Answer-area near the center of the retina can no longer focus
communication strategies: vision loss - Answer-- Let the person know when you approach by speaking
your name and use simple touch and always indicate when you are leaving
- Use large print audio taped information or Braille
- Do not lead a client. Extend your arm and allow the client to take it.
- Use signals to indicate changes in pace or direction
- Stand to one side of clients with macular degeneration (retain peripheral vision)
- Arrange items on a tray in clock wise fashion (orient the client to items)
- Voice tones and pauses that reinforce verbal content are helpful
- Orient to environmental hazards ( describe the size of the room and the orientation of the furniture)
- Do not speak to blind clients In a louder voice
Aphasia - Answer-unable to speak
expressive aphasia - Answer-cannot find correct words
cannot organize words into meaningful phrases
receptive aphasia - Answer-have trouble processing what they hear
, have problems following directions, reading, writing
global aphasia - Answer-cannot process or express their thoughts
dementia - Answer-memory loss, personality changes, deterioration of cognitive function
Dementia DOs - Answer-identify emotions behind clients words.
minimize environment stimuli.
repeat simple messages slowly.
direct toward familiar objects.
use redirection
use routines
Dementia DONTS - Answer-Argue or reason
use slang
persist when they are tired
focus on difficult behavior
retrain
behavioral outbursts - Answer-emotional over-reactions among adults with memory loss or cognitive
dysfunction.
Agnosia - Answer-not recognizing self
death: the final loss - Answer-´More than a physical, tangible loss of a person
´Has a spiritual, social and cultural component
> 65 - Answer-by 2030, 1 in 8 americans will be
erikson stage 8 - Answer-integrity vs despair
65-74 - Answer-young/old
75-84 - Answer-old old
85+ - Answer-oldest old
aging - Answer-a universal life process of advancing through the life cycle beginning at birth and ending
at death
mid 80s - Answer-older adults become frailer in their
thriving - Answer-Staying as active as possible and as engaged in life with supportive relationships is key
to thriving as an older adult
Communication Guidelines - Answer-- Establish rapport
- Use open-ended questions first followed by focused questions
- Ask one question at a time
- Elicit client perspectives
,- Elicit family perspectives if indicated
- Invite ideas about diagnosis and treatment
- Acknowledge feelings and emotions
- Communicate a willingness to help
- Provide information in small segments
- Summarize the problem or condition discussed in the interview
- Validate the client and or family for accuracy
- Provide contact information for further concerns
Assessment Strategies - Answer-•Older clients are reluctant to expose themselves as vulnerable
•Family members can be helpful in calming the client
•Older adults tend to be more responsive when time is taken to establish trust
•Sensitive issues: loneliness, abuse, neglect, memory loss, fears of death, frailty, incontinence, alcohol
abuse, sexual dysfunction
changes in the environment - Answer-people's sense of hearing alerts them to
withdraw from relationships, become depressed or be less likely to seek information - Answer-when
deprived of hearing clients may
communication strategies for hearing loss - Answer-- stand directly in front of the client
- choose a quiet place and decrease environmental noise
- tap on table or floor to get attention
- use facial expressions/hand gestures
- well articulated/moderate tone
- try to rely on visual materials
,- close captioned television
- encourage verbalizing
>50yrs - Answer-majority of Americans with vision loss are
presbyopia - Answer-cannot accommodate between near and far
age-related macular degeneration - Answer-area near the center of the retina can no longer focus
communication strategies: vision loss - Answer-- Let the person know when you approach by speaking
your name and use simple touch and always indicate when you are leaving
- Use large print audio taped information or Braille
- Do not lead a client. Extend your arm and allow the client to take it.
- Use signals to indicate changes in pace or direction
- Stand to one side of clients with macular degeneration (retain peripheral vision)
- Arrange items on a tray in clock wise fashion (orient the client to items)
- Voice tones and pauses that reinforce verbal content are helpful
- Orient to environmental hazards ( describe the size of the room and the orientation of the furniture)
- Do not speak to blind clients In a louder voice
Aphasia - Answer-unable to speak
expressive aphasia - Answer-cannot find correct words
cannot organize words into meaningful phrases
receptive aphasia - Answer-have trouble processing what they hear
, have problems following directions, reading, writing
global aphasia - Answer-cannot process or express their thoughts
dementia - Answer-memory loss, personality changes, deterioration of cognitive function
Dementia DOs - Answer-identify emotions behind clients words.
minimize environment stimuli.
repeat simple messages slowly.
direct toward familiar objects.
use redirection
use routines
Dementia DONTS - Answer-Argue or reason
use slang
persist when they are tired
focus on difficult behavior
retrain
behavioral outbursts - Answer-emotional over-reactions among adults with memory loss or cognitive
dysfunction.
Agnosia - Answer-not recognizing self
death: the final loss - Answer-´More than a physical, tangible loss of a person
´Has a spiritual, social and cultural component
