Test Bank Karch’s Focus on Nursing Pharmacology 9th Ed 2025/2026
Aerobic - (answer)bacteria that depend on oxygen for survival
Anaerobic - (answer)bacteria that survive without oxygen, which are often found in chronic infections
and the GI tract
antibiotic - (answer)A chemical that inhibits the growth of specific bacteria or causes the death of
susceptible bacteria
Gram-negative - (answer)Bacteria that have only a thin layer of peptidoglycan, making them less likely to
absorb stain or become decolorized by alcohol; these bacteria are frequently associated with infections
of the genitourinary or GI tract.
Gram-positive - (answer)Bacteria that have cell walls with more peptidoglycan layers, which absorb
more stain or resist decolorization with alcohol during preliminary identification; these bacteria are
frequently associated with infections of the respiratory tract or soft tissues.
Gram staining - (answer)A process used to identify between types of bacteria based on differences of
components in their cell walls.
synergistic - (answer)drugs that work together to increase drug effectiveness
Bacteriostatic - (answer)inhibits growth of bacteria
Bactericidal - (answer)Killing bacteria directly
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) - (answer)collection of opportunistic infections and
cancers that occurs when the immune system is severely depressed by a decrease in the number of
functioning helper T cells; caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
AIDS-related complex (ARC) - (answer)collection of less serious opportunistic infections with HIV
infection; the decrease in the number of helper T cells is less severe than in fully developed AIDS
Aerobic - (answer)bacteria that depend on oxygen for survival
Anaerobic - (answer)bacteria that survive without oxygen, which are often found in chronic infections
and the GI tract
antibiotic - (answer)A chemical that inhibits the growth of specific bacteria or causes the death of
susceptible bacteria
Gram-negative - (answer)Bacteria that have only a thin layer of peptidoglycan, making them less likely to
absorb stain or become decolorized by alcohol; these bacteria are frequently associated with infections
of the genitourinary or GI tract.
Gram-positive - (answer)Bacteria that have cell walls with more peptidoglycan layers, which absorb
more stain or resist decolorization with alcohol during preliminary identification; these bacteria are
frequently associated with infections of the respiratory tract or soft tissues.
Gram staining - (answer)A process used to identify between types of bacteria based on differences of
components in their cell walls.
synergistic - (answer)drugs that work together to increase drug effectiveness
Bacteriostatic - (answer)inhibits growth of bacteria
Bactericidal - (answer)Killing bacteria directly
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) - (answer)collection of opportunistic infections and
cancers that occurs when the immune system is severely depressed by a decrease in the number of
functioning helper T cells; caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
AIDS-related complex (ARC) - (answer)collection of less serious opportunistic infections with HIV
infection; the decrease in the number of helper T cells is less severe than in fully developed AIDS
