Test Bank for Pilbeams MechanicalbVentilation 7th Edition by Cairo

https://www.stuvia.com/

,https://www.stuvia.com/




Chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


Test Bank
r6 r6




MULTIPLE CHOICE r6




1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the
r6 r6 r 6 r6 r 6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


lungsi s known as which of the following?
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6



a. External respiration r6



b. Internal respiration r6



c. Spontaneous ventilation r 6



d. Mechanical ventilation r 6




ANS: C r6


The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as ventilation
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


. Since the question asks for the body’s mechanism, this would be
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


spontaneous ventilation. External respiration involves the
r 6 r 6 r 6 r 6 r 6 r 6



exchang e of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the
r 6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r 6 r 6 r 6 r6 r6



alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration
r6 r6 r6 r 6 r 6 r 6 r 6


occurs at the cellul ar level and involves movement ofoxygen
r 6 r 6 r 6 r 6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


from the systemic blood i nto the cells.
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r 6 r6 r6




DIF: 1 REF: r 6 pg. 3 r6




2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6



a. Red blood cells and body cells r6 r6 r6 r6 r6



b. Scalenes and trapezius r6 r6


muscles r6



c. Alveoli and pulmonary r6 r6


capillaries r6



d. External oblique and r6 r6


transverse abdominal r6 r6


muscles r6




ANS: C r6


External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbond
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


ioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Int
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


ernal respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


r6movemen t of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of inspiratio
r 6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


n. External oblique and transverse abdominal musclesare
r 6 r 6 r 6 r 6 r 6 r 6


accesso ry muscles of expiration.
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6

,https://www.stuvia.com/




DIF: 1 REF: r 6 pg. 3 r6




3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


during normal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


of the f ollowing?
r6 r6 r6 r6



a.
b.
c.
d.


ANS: B r6


During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure drops
r 6 r 6 r 6 r 6 r 6 r 6



fr om about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to about -
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r 6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


10 cm H2O atend-
r6 r6 r6


inspiration. The graph depicted for answer B shows that change
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


from -5 cm H2O to -10 cm H2O.
r 6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6




DIF: 1 REF: r 6 pg. 4 r6




4. During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:
r 6 r 6 r 6 r 6 r 6 r 6 r 6


.
a. - 1 cm H2O r6 r6 r6



b. + 1 cm H2O r6 r6 r6



c. 0 cm H2O r6 r6



d. 5 cm H2O r6 r6




ANS: A r6


-
1 cm H2O is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during nor
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


mal spontaneous ventilation. During the exhalation of a
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6



normal spontaneous breath the alveolar pressure will become
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6



+1cm H2O.
r6 r6




DIF: 1 REF: r 6 pg. 3 r6




5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


which of the following?
r 6 r6 r6 r6



a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) r6 r6 r 6



b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) r6 r6



c. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) r 6 r 6

,https://www.stuvia.com/




d. Transpulmonary r 6 pressure r 6 (PL)


ANS: D r6


The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the pressure requi
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


red to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway pressure (PTA )is
r 6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r 6


the pressure gradient required to produce airflow in the conducting
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6



tub es. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the pressure to inflate
r6 r6 r6 r 6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6



the lun gs and airways during positive pressure ventilation.
r6 r6 r 6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6



Transthoracic p ressure (PTT) represents the pressure required
r6 r6 r 6 r 6 r6 r 6 r6 r 6



to expand or contrac t the lungs and the chest wall at thesame
r 6 r 6 r 6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


time.
r6




DIF: 1 REF: r 6 pg. 3 r6




6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance d
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


uring positive pressure ventilation when the proximal airway pre
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


ssure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the alveolar pressure (PA) is 5
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


cmH2O.
r6



a. 7 cm H2O r6 r6



b. 30 cm H2O r6 r6



c. 40 cm H2O r6 r6



d. 175 cm H2O r6 r6




ANS: B r6


The transairway pressure (PTA ) is used to calculate the pressurere
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


quired to overcome airway resistance during mechanical ventilati
r 6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


on. This formula is PTA = Paw - PA.
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r 6 r6 r6 r6




DIF: 2 REF: r 6 pg. 3 r6




7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to return
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


toit s original form after being stretched or acted on by an outside
r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6 r6


force is which of the following?
r6 r 6 r6 r6 r6 r6



a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance r6



d. Distending pressure r6