ATI CBC LEVEL 2 LATEST EXAM
GUIDE WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
what does pH tell you
the expression of the balance between carbon dioxide and bicarbonate
what causes a lower pH in the body
the greater the concentration of hydrogen, the more acidic the body fluids
what causes a higher pH in the body
the lower the concentration of hydrogen, the more alkaline the body fluids
hyperventilation and hydrogen ions
causes a decrease in hydrogen ions
hypoventilation and hydrogen ions
causes an increase in hydrogen ions
,normal pH for the blood
7.35-7.45
what causes respiratory acidosis
hypoventilation
what causes hypoventilation
- respiratory depression from opioids, poisons
- brain tumors, stroke, trauma
- muscle weakness, flail chest, obesity, sleep apnea
- airway obstruction
- pneumothorax
manifestations of respiratory acidosis
- tachycardia (severe is bradycardia), tachypnea, hypertension
- anxiety, irritability, confusion, coma
- ineffective, shallow, rapid breathing
- pale or cyanotic
nursing care for a patient with respiratory acidosis
- oxygen therapy
- maintain patent airway
- positioning and breathing techniques
,what causes respiratory alkalosis
hyperventilation
what causes hyperventilation
- fear, anxiety, intracerebral trauma, excessive mechanical ventilation
- hypoxemia from asphyxiation, high altitudes, shock, pneumonia
lab values for respiratory alkalosis
PaCO2: less than 35
pH: greater than 7.45
HCO3: less than 24
lab values for respiratory acidosis
PaCO2: greater than 45
pH: less than 7.35
HCO3: greater than 28
manifestations of respiratory alkalosis
- tachypnea
- inability to concentrate, numbness, tingling
, - tachycardia, dysrhythmias
- rapid deep respirations
nursing care for respiratory alkalosis
- oxygen therapy
- anxiety reduction interventions
- rebreathing techniques
nursing care for a patient with peripheral arterial disease
- encourage exercise
- provide a warm environment for the client
- have client wear insulated socks
- avoid heat and cold
- avoid caffeine and nicotine
- do not wear restrictive garments
- elevate legs but not above the level of the heart
expected findings for peripheral venous disorder
- aching pain and feeling of fullness or heaviness in the legs
- warmth, edema,
- brown discoloration of ankles
- distended superficial veins
GUIDE WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
what does pH tell you
the expression of the balance between carbon dioxide and bicarbonate
what causes a lower pH in the body
the greater the concentration of hydrogen, the more acidic the body fluids
what causes a higher pH in the body
the lower the concentration of hydrogen, the more alkaline the body fluids
hyperventilation and hydrogen ions
causes a decrease in hydrogen ions
hypoventilation and hydrogen ions
causes an increase in hydrogen ions
,normal pH for the blood
7.35-7.45
what causes respiratory acidosis
hypoventilation
what causes hypoventilation
- respiratory depression from opioids, poisons
- brain tumors, stroke, trauma
- muscle weakness, flail chest, obesity, sleep apnea
- airway obstruction
- pneumothorax
manifestations of respiratory acidosis
- tachycardia (severe is bradycardia), tachypnea, hypertension
- anxiety, irritability, confusion, coma
- ineffective, shallow, rapid breathing
- pale or cyanotic
nursing care for a patient with respiratory acidosis
- oxygen therapy
- maintain patent airway
- positioning and breathing techniques
,what causes respiratory alkalosis
hyperventilation
what causes hyperventilation
- fear, anxiety, intracerebral trauma, excessive mechanical ventilation
- hypoxemia from asphyxiation, high altitudes, shock, pneumonia
lab values for respiratory alkalosis
PaCO2: less than 35
pH: greater than 7.45
HCO3: less than 24
lab values for respiratory acidosis
PaCO2: greater than 45
pH: less than 7.35
HCO3: greater than 28
manifestations of respiratory alkalosis
- tachypnea
- inability to concentrate, numbness, tingling
, - tachycardia, dysrhythmias
- rapid deep respirations
nursing care for respiratory alkalosis
- oxygen therapy
- anxiety reduction interventions
- rebreathing techniques
nursing care for a patient with peripheral arterial disease
- encourage exercise
- provide a warm environment for the client
- have client wear insulated socks
- avoid heat and cold
- avoid caffeine and nicotine
- do not wear restrictive garments
- elevate legs but not above the level of the heart
expected findings for peripheral venous disorder
- aching pain and feeling of fullness or heaviness in the legs
- warmth, edema,
- brown discoloration of ankles
- distended superficial veins
