BIO 220 Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins, arising from a specific
hydrogen-bonding structure. - CORRECT ANSWERS alpha helix
One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth,
or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds. -
CORRECT ANSWERS beta sheet
In a polypeptide chain, the first amino acid has an exposed _______ - CORRECT
ANSWERS amino group
2 Types of Secondary Protein Structures - CORRECT ANSWERS 1) alpha helix
2) beta sheet
the end of a polypeptide chain that has an exposed amino group--first amino acid - CORRECT
ANSWERS amino terminal end or N-terminal
one of there discrete sites on a ribosome-->A site - CORRECT ANSWERS aminoacyl site
3 Discrete Sites on a Ribosome - CORRECT ANSWERS 1) peptidyl site (P site)
2) aminoacyl site (A site)
3) exit site (E site)
covalently linked combination of an amino acid and a tRNA molecule - CORRECT
ANSWERS aminoacyl tRNA
the enzymes that attach amino acids to tRNAs; 20 types--one for each amino acid - CORRECT
ANSWERS aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
catalyze a two-step reaction involving three molecules: amino acid, tRNA and ATP - CORRECT
ANSWERS aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
,in a tRNA molecule, the nucleotide triplet that binds to its complementary codon triplet in an mRNA
molecule - CORRECT ANSWERS anticodon
In a polypeptide chain, the last amino acid has an exposed _______ - CORRECT
ANSWERS carboxyl group
the end of a polypeptide chain that has an exposed carboxyl group--last amino acid - CORRECT
ANSWERS carboxyl terminal end or C-terminal
aminoacyl tRNA = - CORRECT ANSWERS charged tRNA
a triplet of nucleotides that specifies a particular amino acid or a start or stop signal in the genetic
code. Sixty-one specify the amino acids used in proteins, and three signal termination of growth of the
polypeptide chain. - CORRECT ANSWERS codon
the fact that a given amino acid may be represented by more than one codon - CORRECT
ANSWERS degenerate code
degenerate base is the ______ base in a codon, often called the ______ - CORRECT
ANSWERS third; wobble base
during this stage of translation, amino acids are added to the polypeptide chain, one at a time -
CORRECT ANSWERS elongation
3 Stage of Translation - CORRECT ANSWERS 1) initiation
2) elongation
3) termination
molecules, usually proteins or nucleic acids, that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions. -
CORRECT ANSWERS enzymes
the last of a ribosome's three binding sites for tRNA. Amino acid-free tRNA that was recently stripped
of the polypeptide is located here. - CORRECT ANSWERS exit site
, the deoxynucleotide triplets that encode the 20 amino acids or specify termination of translation -
CORRECT ANSWERS genetic code
during this stage of translation, amino acids are added to the polypeptide chain, one at a time -
CORRECT ANSWERS initiation
3 Components that Associate to Form Initiator Complex - CORRECT ANSWERS 1) mRNA
2) initiator tRNA
3) ribosomal subunits
required for the mRNA, initiator tRNA and ribosomal subunits to associate to form initiator complex -
CORRECT ANSWERS three initiation factors
describes optimal sequence for efficient translation initiation in eukaryotes that are upstream from
AUG; 5'-GCC (A or G) CCAUGG-3' - CORRECT ANSWERS Kozak's rules
an RNA molecule transcribed from DNA and translated into the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
- CORRECT ANSWERS messenger RNA (mRNA)
the nucleotide triplets (UGA, UAG, UAA) in an mRNA molecule that signals the termination of
translation - CORRECT ANSWERS nonsense codons
hypothesis of Beadle and Tatum that one gene controls the production of one enzyme. Later modified
to the concept that one cistron controls the production of one polypeptide. - CORRECT
ANSWERS one gene-one enzyme hypothesis
the covalent bond between the amino groups of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another
amino acid, creating a dipeptide. - CORRECT ANSWERS peptide bond
one of there discrete sites on a ribosome-->P site - CORRECT ANSWERS peptidyl site
enzyme that catalyzes the peptide bond formation and the chain transfer from peptidyl tRNA to
aminoacyl tRNA - CORRECT ANSWERS peptidyltransferase
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins, arising from a specific
hydrogen-bonding structure. - CORRECT ANSWERS alpha helix
One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth,
or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds. -
CORRECT ANSWERS beta sheet
In a polypeptide chain, the first amino acid has an exposed _______ - CORRECT
ANSWERS amino group
2 Types of Secondary Protein Structures - CORRECT ANSWERS 1) alpha helix
2) beta sheet
the end of a polypeptide chain that has an exposed amino group--first amino acid - CORRECT
ANSWERS amino terminal end or N-terminal
one of there discrete sites on a ribosome-->A site - CORRECT ANSWERS aminoacyl site
3 Discrete Sites on a Ribosome - CORRECT ANSWERS 1) peptidyl site (P site)
2) aminoacyl site (A site)
3) exit site (E site)
covalently linked combination of an amino acid and a tRNA molecule - CORRECT
ANSWERS aminoacyl tRNA
the enzymes that attach amino acids to tRNAs; 20 types--one for each amino acid - CORRECT
ANSWERS aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
catalyze a two-step reaction involving three molecules: amino acid, tRNA and ATP - CORRECT
ANSWERS aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
,in a tRNA molecule, the nucleotide triplet that binds to its complementary codon triplet in an mRNA
molecule - CORRECT ANSWERS anticodon
In a polypeptide chain, the last amino acid has an exposed _______ - CORRECT
ANSWERS carboxyl group
the end of a polypeptide chain that has an exposed carboxyl group--last amino acid - CORRECT
ANSWERS carboxyl terminal end or C-terminal
aminoacyl tRNA = - CORRECT ANSWERS charged tRNA
a triplet of nucleotides that specifies a particular amino acid or a start or stop signal in the genetic
code. Sixty-one specify the amino acids used in proteins, and three signal termination of growth of the
polypeptide chain. - CORRECT ANSWERS codon
the fact that a given amino acid may be represented by more than one codon - CORRECT
ANSWERS degenerate code
degenerate base is the ______ base in a codon, often called the ______ - CORRECT
ANSWERS third; wobble base
during this stage of translation, amino acids are added to the polypeptide chain, one at a time -
CORRECT ANSWERS elongation
3 Stage of Translation - CORRECT ANSWERS 1) initiation
2) elongation
3) termination
molecules, usually proteins or nucleic acids, that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions. -
CORRECT ANSWERS enzymes
the last of a ribosome's three binding sites for tRNA. Amino acid-free tRNA that was recently stripped
of the polypeptide is located here. - CORRECT ANSWERS exit site
, the deoxynucleotide triplets that encode the 20 amino acids or specify termination of translation -
CORRECT ANSWERS genetic code
during this stage of translation, amino acids are added to the polypeptide chain, one at a time -
CORRECT ANSWERS initiation
3 Components that Associate to Form Initiator Complex - CORRECT ANSWERS 1) mRNA
2) initiator tRNA
3) ribosomal subunits
required for the mRNA, initiator tRNA and ribosomal subunits to associate to form initiator complex -
CORRECT ANSWERS three initiation factors
describes optimal sequence for efficient translation initiation in eukaryotes that are upstream from
AUG; 5'-GCC (A or G) CCAUGG-3' - CORRECT ANSWERS Kozak's rules
an RNA molecule transcribed from DNA and translated into the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
- CORRECT ANSWERS messenger RNA (mRNA)
the nucleotide triplets (UGA, UAG, UAA) in an mRNA molecule that signals the termination of
translation - CORRECT ANSWERS nonsense codons
hypothesis of Beadle and Tatum that one gene controls the production of one enzyme. Later modified
to the concept that one cistron controls the production of one polypeptide. - CORRECT
ANSWERS one gene-one enzyme hypothesis
the covalent bond between the amino groups of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another
amino acid, creating a dipeptide. - CORRECT ANSWERS peptide bond
one of there discrete sites on a ribosome-->P site - CORRECT ANSWERS peptidyl site
enzyme that catalyzes the peptide bond formation and the chain transfer from peptidyl tRNA to
aminoacyl tRNA - CORRECT ANSWERS peptidyltransferase
