WGU D023 School Financial Leadership
Exam Questions With Correct Answers
1st Development Stage of School Finance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The period of
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local district financial responsibility, with little or no assistance from the state
| | | | | | | | | | |
-used to be local or church
| | | | |
-rate bills or tuition
| | | |
-problem in equity | |
2nd Development Stage of School Finance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The period of
| | | | | | | | | | |
emerging state responsibility, with the use of flat grants, subventions, and other
| | | | | | | | | | | |
nonequalizing state allocations to local districts | | | | |
-state to supplement local tax revenues to provide acceptable programs
| | | | | | | | |
3rd Development Stage of School Finance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The
| | | | | | | | |
emergence of the Strayer-Haig concept of a foundation program (minimum
| | | | | | | | | |
program)
-Each local district would levy the amount of local tax that was required in the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
richest district of the state to provide a foundation, or minimum, program. The
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
rich district would receive no state funds; the other districts would receive state
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
funds necessary to provide the foundation program.
| | | | | |
4th Development Stage of School Finance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The period of
| | | | | | | | | | |
refinement of the foundation program concept
| | | | |
-use of flat grants
| | |
,-question to take money from wealthy districts to equalize
| | | | | | | |
5th Development Stage of School Finance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-"Power" or
| | | | | | | | |
"open-end" (shared costs) equalization practices
| | | | |
-20th century |
Equalization - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-state and local districts began exercising a
| | | | | | | | | |
degree of partnership in establishing and paying for a basic program of education
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
for every school-age child in the state—at least in theory. In practice, the link
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
between funding and program quality was questionable.
| | | | | |
open-ended, or shared-cost, equalization plan - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the
| | | | | | | |
percentage of this program to be paid by each individual district and by the state.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
This percentage of state funds would be high for poor districts and low for
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
wealthier ones. Once that determination has been made for each district, the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
same partnership ratio would be maintained to pay the total cost of the school
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
program in each district | | |
-Harlan Updegraff |
6th Development Stage of School Finance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The shift of
| | | | | | | | | | |
emphasis and influence, and funding for special need
| | | | | | |
-economic factors influenced (wars, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, fluctuating
| | | | | | | | |
prices in energy, had to rethink budget and safety of schools
| | | | | | | | | |
7th Development Stage of School Finance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A focus on
| | | | | | | | | | |
adequacy in education finance | | |
-court cases |
,-sufficient funding is needed to meet state laws, standards, and requirements,
| | | | | | | | | | |
and must be constitutionally enforceable
| | | |
-CCSS
Foundational funding - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The state provides a minimal level
| | | | | | | | | |
of funding as a guarantee per student expenditure. The intent of this system is to
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
counteract the disparity of wealth across various districts of a state.
| | | | | | | | | |
Common School Era - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Local school districts were formed
| | | | | | | | | |
to support the education of the local population, many of whom were the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
children of immigrants. In order to accommodate this influx of educational need
| | | | | | | | | | | |
with limited personal resources, local property taxes became mandated to
| | | | | | | | | |
support public schools. | |
Early Colonial Schooling - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Funded through tuition or rate
| | | | | | | | | |
changes, primarily as a funding of the local community or church of that
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
community.
Funding for public schools is directly addressed in which document? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-State Constitution |
-The funding and operation of public schools is directly addressed in each state's
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
constitution. Access to education and the quality are different depending upon
| | | | | | | | | | |
how the state defines its language. For example, a "right" to education is different
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|than a "goal" to educate all citizens. A "right" provides grounds for equity and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
equality litigation while a "goal" may provide more flexibility in disparity.
| | | | | | | | | |
What is meant by pupil expenditure? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The pupil
| | | | | | | | | |
expenditure is the total expense accounted for by that specific student. For
| | | | | | | | | | | |
, example, this funding amount includes but is not limited to: personnel expenses
| | | | | | | | | | | |
(salary, benefits, and other human resource expenses), transportation costs (gas,
| | | | | | | | | |
busses, oil, personnel), facility expenses (building construction, maintenance,
| | | | | | | |
utilities, insurance), and instructional resources (books, supplies, technology,
| | | | | | | |
materials). The amount of this pupil expenditure will vary as the cost of living
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
changes for the location, but in many states the "foundational per pupil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
expenditure" is a guaranteed amount per pupil. In instances where the local
| | | | | | | | | | | |
funding is insufficient, it is supplemented by the state.
| | | | | | | |
Financial disparity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | |
Financial adequacy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | |
Financial productivity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | |
Federal Funding - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Federal aid continues to be provided in
| | | | | | | | | | |
the form of categorical aid. Yet, it may be time for a larger federal role in
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
financing schools. The largest and most visible categorical federal assistance
| | | | | | | | | |
programs are ESEA and IDEA. Also, Raced to the Top has garnered federal aid as a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
key initiative in the Obama administration. Federal lands have provided funds for
| | | | | | | | | | | |
localities in the form of payments in lieu of taxes.
| | | | | | | | |
State Funding - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Equalization aid is the chief method states
| | | | | | | | | | |
use to distribute funding to local school districts within their borders using a
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
foundation program or district power equalization
| | | | |
Local Funding - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-property taxes
| | | | |
Exam Questions With Correct Answers
1st Development Stage of School Finance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The period of
| | | | | | | | | | |
local district financial responsibility, with little or no assistance from the state
| | | | | | | | | | |
-used to be local or church
| | | | |
-rate bills or tuition
| | | |
-problem in equity | |
2nd Development Stage of School Finance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The period of
| | | | | | | | | | |
emerging state responsibility, with the use of flat grants, subventions, and other
| | | | | | | | | | | |
nonequalizing state allocations to local districts | | | | |
-state to supplement local tax revenues to provide acceptable programs
| | | | | | | | |
3rd Development Stage of School Finance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The
| | | | | | | | |
emergence of the Strayer-Haig concept of a foundation program (minimum
| | | | | | | | | |
program)
-Each local district would levy the amount of local tax that was required in the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
richest district of the state to provide a foundation, or minimum, program. The
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
rich district would receive no state funds; the other districts would receive state
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
funds necessary to provide the foundation program.
| | | | | |
4th Development Stage of School Finance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The period of
| | | | | | | | | | |
refinement of the foundation program concept
| | | | |
-use of flat grants
| | |
,-question to take money from wealthy districts to equalize
| | | | | | | |
5th Development Stage of School Finance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-"Power" or
| | | | | | | | |
"open-end" (shared costs) equalization practices
| | | | |
-20th century |
Equalization - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-state and local districts began exercising a
| | | | | | | | | |
degree of partnership in establishing and paying for a basic program of education
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
for every school-age child in the state—at least in theory. In practice, the link
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
between funding and program quality was questionable.
| | | | | |
open-ended, or shared-cost, equalization plan - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the
| | | | | | | |
percentage of this program to be paid by each individual district and by the state.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
This percentage of state funds would be high for poor districts and low for
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
wealthier ones. Once that determination has been made for each district, the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
same partnership ratio would be maintained to pay the total cost of the school
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
program in each district | | |
-Harlan Updegraff |
6th Development Stage of School Finance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The shift of
| | | | | | | | | | |
emphasis and influence, and funding for special need
| | | | | | |
-economic factors influenced (wars, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, fluctuating
| | | | | | | | |
prices in energy, had to rethink budget and safety of schools
| | | | | | | | | |
7th Development Stage of School Finance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A focus on
| | | | | | | | | | |
adequacy in education finance | | |
-court cases |
,-sufficient funding is needed to meet state laws, standards, and requirements,
| | | | | | | | | | |
and must be constitutionally enforceable
| | | |
-CCSS
Foundational funding - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The state provides a minimal level
| | | | | | | | | |
of funding as a guarantee per student expenditure. The intent of this system is to
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
counteract the disparity of wealth across various districts of a state.
| | | | | | | | | |
Common School Era - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Local school districts were formed
| | | | | | | | | |
to support the education of the local population, many of whom were the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
children of immigrants. In order to accommodate this influx of educational need
| | | | | | | | | | | |
with limited personal resources, local property taxes became mandated to
| | | | | | | | | |
support public schools. | |
Early Colonial Schooling - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Funded through tuition or rate
| | | | | | | | | |
changes, primarily as a funding of the local community or church of that
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
community.
Funding for public schools is directly addressed in which document? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-State Constitution |
-The funding and operation of public schools is directly addressed in each state's
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
constitution. Access to education and the quality are different depending upon
| | | | | | | | | | |
how the state defines its language. For example, a "right" to education is different
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|than a "goal" to educate all citizens. A "right" provides grounds for equity and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
equality litigation while a "goal" may provide more flexibility in disparity.
| | | | | | | | | |
What is meant by pupil expenditure? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The pupil
| | | | | | | | | |
expenditure is the total expense accounted for by that specific student. For
| | | | | | | | | | | |
, example, this funding amount includes but is not limited to: personnel expenses
| | | | | | | | | | | |
(salary, benefits, and other human resource expenses), transportation costs (gas,
| | | | | | | | | |
busses, oil, personnel), facility expenses (building construction, maintenance,
| | | | | | | |
utilities, insurance), and instructional resources (books, supplies, technology,
| | | | | | | |
materials). The amount of this pupil expenditure will vary as the cost of living
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
changes for the location, but in many states the "foundational per pupil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
expenditure" is a guaranteed amount per pupil. In instances where the local
| | | | | | | | | | | |
funding is insufficient, it is supplemented by the state.
| | | | | | | |
Financial disparity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | |
Financial adequacy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | |
Financial productivity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | |
Federal Funding - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Federal aid continues to be provided in
| | | | | | | | | | |
the form of categorical aid. Yet, it may be time for a larger federal role in
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
financing schools. The largest and most visible categorical federal assistance
| | | | | | | | | |
programs are ESEA and IDEA. Also, Raced to the Top has garnered federal aid as a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
key initiative in the Obama administration. Federal lands have provided funds for
| | | | | | | | | | | |
localities in the form of payments in lieu of taxes.
| | | | | | | | |
State Funding - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Equalization aid is the chief method states
| | | | | | | | | | |
use to distribute funding to local school districts within their borders using a
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
foundation program or district power equalization
| | | | |
Local Funding - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-property taxes
| | | | |
