PILBEAMS
test bank for
pilbeams mechanical ventilation 7th edition update by
cairo.pdf
|all chapters covered
,table of contents
PILBEAMS
chapter 1; basic terms and concepts of mechanical ventilation .................................................... 3
chapter 2; how ventilators work ................................................................................................. 23
chapter 3; how a breath is delivered test bank ........................................................................... 29
chapter 4; establishing the need for mechanical ventilation ....................................................... 46
chapter 5; selecting the ventilator and the mode test bank ........................................................ 61
chapter 6; initial ventilator settings............................................................................................ 81
chapter 7; final considerations in ventilator setup ...................................................................... 99
chapter 8; initial patient assessment ........................................................................................ 118
chapter 9; ventilator graphics .................................................................................................. 138
chapter 10: assessment of respiratory function ........................................................................ 160
chapter 11; hemodynamic monitoring ...................................................................................... 188
chapter 12; methods to improve ventilation in patient-ventilator management ...................... 220
chapter 13; improving oxygenation and management of ards ................................................. 239
chapter 14; ventilator-associated pneumonia .......................................................................... 260
chapter 15; sedatives, analgesics, and paralytics...................................................................... 279
chapter 16; extrapulmonary effects of mechanical ventilation ................................................. 290
chapter 17; effects of positive pressure ventilation on the pulmonary system .......................... 301
chapter 18; troubleshooting and problem solving .................................................................... 319
chapter 19; basic concepts of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation ................................... 339
chapter 20; discontinuation and weaning from mechanical ventilation .................................... 361
chapter 21; long term ventilation ............................................................................................. 383
chapter 22; neonatal and pediatric ventilation ......................................................................... 406
chapter 23; special techniques in ventilatory support ............................................................... 429
, PILBEAMS
chapter 1; basic terms and concepts of mechanical ventilation
multiple choice
1. the body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs is known as which of the
following?
a. external respiration
b. internal respiration
c. spontaneous ventilation
d. mechanical ventilation
ans>>c
the conduction of air in and out of the body is known as ventilation. since the question asks for
the body’s mechanism, this would be spontaneous ventilation. external respiration involves the
exchange of oxygen (o2) and carbon dioxide (co2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary
capillaries. internal respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves movement of oxygen
from the systemic blood into the cells.
dif: 1 ref: pg. 3
2. which of the following are involved in external respiration?
a. red blood cells and body cells
b. scalenes and trapezius
muscles
c. alveoli and pulmonary
capillaries
d. external oblique and
transverse abdominal muscles
, PILBEAMS
ans>>c
external respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (co2) between the
alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. internal respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves
movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of inspiration. external oblique and
transverse abdominal muscles are accessory muscles of expiration.
dif: 1 ref: pg. 3
3. the graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during normal spontaneous breathing
is depicted by which of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
ans>>b
during spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure drops from about -5 cm h2o at end-
expiration to about -10 cm h2o at end-inspiration. the graph depicted for answer b shows that
change from -5 cm h2o to -10 cm h2o.
dif: 1 ref: pg. 4
4. during spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (pa) is about:
, .
PILBEAMS
a. - 1 cm h2o
b. + 1 cm h2o
c. 0 cm h2o
d. 5 cm h2o
ans>>a
-1 cm h2o is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during normal spontaneous ventilation.
during the exhalation of a normal spontaneous breath the alveolar pressure will become +1 cm
h2o.
dif: 1 ref: pg. 3
5. the pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as which of the following?
a. transairway pressure (pta )
b. transthoracic pressure (ptt)
c. transrespiratory pressure (ptr)
d. transpulmonary pressure (pl)
ans>>d
the definition of transpulmonary pressure (pl) is the pressure required to maintain alveolar
inflation. transairway pressure (pta ) is the pressure gradient required to produce airflow in the
conducting tubes. transrespiratory pressure (ptr) is the pressure to inflate the lungs and airways
during positive pressure ventilation. transthoracic pressure (ptt) represents the pressure required
to expand or contract the lungs and the chest wall at the same time.
dif: 1 ref: pg. 3
6. calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance during positive pressure
ventilation when the proximal airway pressure (paw) is 35 cm h2o and the alveolar pressure (pa)
is 5 cm h2o.
,a. 7 cm h2o
PILBEAMS
b. 30 cm h2o
c. 40 cm h2o
d. 175 cm h2o
ans>>b
the transairway pressure (pta ) is used to calculate the pressure required to overcome airway
resistance during mechanical ventilation. this formula is pta = paw - pa.
dif: 2 ref: pg. 3
7. the term used to describe the tendency of a structure to return to its original form after
being stretched or acted on by an outside force is which of the following?
a. elastance
b. compliance
c. viscous resistance
d. distending pressure
ans>>a
the elastance of a structure is the tendency of that structure to return to its original shape after
being stretched. the more elastance a structure has, the more difficult it is to stretch. the
compliance of a structure is the ease with which the structure distends or stretches. compliance
is the opposite of elastance. viscous resistance is the opposition to movement offered by
adjacent structures such as the lungs and their adjacent organs. distending pressure is pressure
required to maintain inflation, for example alveolar distending pressure.
,dif: 1 ref: pg. 4
PILBEAMS
8. calculate the pressure required to achieve a tidal volume of 400 ml for an intubated
patient with a respiratory system compliance of 15 ml/cm h2o.
a. 6 cm h2o
b. 26.7 cm h2o
c. 37.5 cm h2o
d. 41.5 cm h2o
ans>>b
dif: 2 ref: pg. 4
9. the condition that causes pulmonary compliance to increase is which of the following?
a. asthma
b. kyphoscoliosis
c. emphysema
d. acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ards)
ans>>c
emphysema causes an increase in pulmonary compliance, whereas ards and kyphoscoliosis cause
decreases in pulmonary compliance. asthma attacks cause increase in airway resistance.
test bank for
pilbeams mechanical ventilation 7th edition update by
cairo.pdf
|all chapters covered
,table of contents
PILBEAMS
chapter 1; basic terms and concepts of mechanical ventilation .................................................... 3
chapter 2; how ventilators work ................................................................................................. 23
chapter 3; how a breath is delivered test bank ........................................................................... 29
chapter 4; establishing the need for mechanical ventilation ....................................................... 46
chapter 5; selecting the ventilator and the mode test bank ........................................................ 61
chapter 6; initial ventilator settings............................................................................................ 81
chapter 7; final considerations in ventilator setup ...................................................................... 99
chapter 8; initial patient assessment ........................................................................................ 118
chapter 9; ventilator graphics .................................................................................................. 138
chapter 10: assessment of respiratory function ........................................................................ 160
chapter 11; hemodynamic monitoring ...................................................................................... 188
chapter 12; methods to improve ventilation in patient-ventilator management ...................... 220
chapter 13; improving oxygenation and management of ards ................................................. 239
chapter 14; ventilator-associated pneumonia .......................................................................... 260
chapter 15; sedatives, analgesics, and paralytics...................................................................... 279
chapter 16; extrapulmonary effects of mechanical ventilation ................................................. 290
chapter 17; effects of positive pressure ventilation on the pulmonary system .......................... 301
chapter 18; troubleshooting and problem solving .................................................................... 319
chapter 19; basic concepts of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation ................................... 339
chapter 20; discontinuation and weaning from mechanical ventilation .................................... 361
chapter 21; long term ventilation ............................................................................................. 383
chapter 22; neonatal and pediatric ventilation ......................................................................... 406
chapter 23; special techniques in ventilatory support ............................................................... 429
, PILBEAMS
chapter 1; basic terms and concepts of mechanical ventilation
multiple choice
1. the body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs is known as which of the
following?
a. external respiration
b. internal respiration
c. spontaneous ventilation
d. mechanical ventilation
ans>>c
the conduction of air in and out of the body is known as ventilation. since the question asks for
the body’s mechanism, this would be spontaneous ventilation. external respiration involves the
exchange of oxygen (o2) and carbon dioxide (co2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary
capillaries. internal respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves movement of oxygen
from the systemic blood into the cells.
dif: 1 ref: pg. 3
2. which of the following are involved in external respiration?
a. red blood cells and body cells
b. scalenes and trapezius
muscles
c. alveoli and pulmonary
capillaries
d. external oblique and
transverse abdominal muscles
, PILBEAMS
ans>>c
external respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (co2) between the
alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. internal respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves
movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of inspiration. external oblique and
transverse abdominal muscles are accessory muscles of expiration.
dif: 1 ref: pg. 3
3. the graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during normal spontaneous breathing
is depicted by which of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
ans>>b
during spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure drops from about -5 cm h2o at end-
expiration to about -10 cm h2o at end-inspiration. the graph depicted for answer b shows that
change from -5 cm h2o to -10 cm h2o.
dif: 1 ref: pg. 4
4. during spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (pa) is about:
, .
PILBEAMS
a. - 1 cm h2o
b. + 1 cm h2o
c. 0 cm h2o
d. 5 cm h2o
ans>>a
-1 cm h2o is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during normal spontaneous ventilation.
during the exhalation of a normal spontaneous breath the alveolar pressure will become +1 cm
h2o.
dif: 1 ref: pg. 3
5. the pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as which of the following?
a. transairway pressure (pta )
b. transthoracic pressure (ptt)
c. transrespiratory pressure (ptr)
d. transpulmonary pressure (pl)
ans>>d
the definition of transpulmonary pressure (pl) is the pressure required to maintain alveolar
inflation. transairway pressure (pta ) is the pressure gradient required to produce airflow in the
conducting tubes. transrespiratory pressure (ptr) is the pressure to inflate the lungs and airways
during positive pressure ventilation. transthoracic pressure (ptt) represents the pressure required
to expand or contract the lungs and the chest wall at the same time.
dif: 1 ref: pg. 3
6. calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance during positive pressure
ventilation when the proximal airway pressure (paw) is 35 cm h2o and the alveolar pressure (pa)
is 5 cm h2o.
,a. 7 cm h2o
PILBEAMS
b. 30 cm h2o
c. 40 cm h2o
d. 175 cm h2o
ans>>b
the transairway pressure (pta ) is used to calculate the pressure required to overcome airway
resistance during mechanical ventilation. this formula is pta = paw - pa.
dif: 2 ref: pg. 3
7. the term used to describe the tendency of a structure to return to its original form after
being stretched or acted on by an outside force is which of the following?
a. elastance
b. compliance
c. viscous resistance
d. distending pressure
ans>>a
the elastance of a structure is the tendency of that structure to return to its original shape after
being stretched. the more elastance a structure has, the more difficult it is to stretch. the
compliance of a structure is the ease with which the structure distends or stretches. compliance
is the opposite of elastance. viscous resistance is the opposition to movement offered by
adjacent structures such as the lungs and their adjacent organs. distending pressure is pressure
required to maintain inflation, for example alveolar distending pressure.
,dif: 1 ref: pg. 4
PILBEAMS
8. calculate the pressure required to achieve a tidal volume of 400 ml for an intubated
patient with a respiratory system compliance of 15 ml/cm h2o.
a. 6 cm h2o
b. 26.7 cm h2o
c. 37.5 cm h2o
d. 41.5 cm h2o
ans>>b
dif: 2 ref: pg. 4
9. the condition that causes pulmonary compliance to increase is which of the following?
a. asthma
b. kyphoscoliosis
c. emphysema
d. acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ards)
ans>>c
emphysema causes an increase in pulmonary compliance, whereas ards and kyphoscoliosis cause
decreases in pulmonary compliance. asthma attacks cause increase in airway resistance.
