CAD1501 Assignment 4 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) 2025 - DUE 19 September 2025

Questions 1 [20 marks] 1.1 What is your understanding of the following domains of development? Indicate the study guide sections and give numbers where you found the theory for your answer. [8 marks] 1.1.1 Cognitive domain 1.1.2 Physical domain 1.1.3 Social domain 1.1.4 Emotional domain 1.2 Give examples of how these domains are displayed in children between 6 and 12 years. Emotional development includes learning to express and control feelings. 1.2.2 Social identity refers to how a child sees themselves as part of a group. 1.2.3 Nature refers to the environment in which a child grows up. 1.2.4 Environmental factors cause genetic disorders like Down syndrome. 1.2.5 Bandura's concept of self-efficacy relates to a person's belief in their ability to succeed. 1.3 What were the key influences or the key people that shaped your moral/normative development? Explain whether they were good or bad influences and justify your answer. [4 marks] Domain Description of the domain How the domain is displayed in children aged 6-12 years Indicate the study guide sections and give numbers where you found the theory for your answer 1.1.1 Cognitive domain Allocate two marks each for the explanation of the domain. Maximum of 8 marks 1.2 Allocate one mark for the correct activity that demonstrates the domain by children. Maximum of 4 marks 1 mark for section number and page number (give both for 1 mark) Maximum of 4 marks 1.1.2 Physical domain 1.1.3 Social domain 1.1.4 Emotional domain Total = 16 marks QUESTION 1 16 MARKS Explain the following concepts/terms in your own words and indicate the study guide’s section and page numbers where you found the theory for answering this question. 1.1 Sensory-motor skills 1.2 Operations 1.3 Private speech 1.4 Puberty (Tip: Do not repeat the same facts all over again. Write at least five (5) different facts for three (3) marks. This will help you to obtain full marks. The term “own words” does not mean own opinion. You need to paraphrase/reword the study guide by using your own words. Your answer must be factually correct. No marks will be given for cutting and pasting or word-for-word copying from the study guide and/or any other source.) 5 Amina is very attached to her grandmother and cries when she leaves. She has started using two-word sentences like "Mama gone" and "More food." She plays next to other children but does not yet engage in cooperative play. She throws tantrums when frustrated and struggles to share toys. 2.1 Identify Amina's physical, cognitive and language developmental milestones. (6 marks) 2.2 How does her cultural environment support her development? (3 marks) 2.3 What strategies could help Amina develop better emotional regulation? (2 marks) 2.4 Describe how toddlers' emotional and social development prepares them for preschool. (4 marks) Domain What were the key influences Who were the people involved, and how Evaluate if they were good or bad influences 1.3 Moral/normative development Explain in your own words how you became aware or formed your moral development. Demonstrate that you understand the moral and normative domains. Maximum two marks for showing understanding of a moral issue. Give a relevant account on how these individuals or people shaped your moral view. Award 1 mark for showing how the person shaped moral development Reflect on whether they were a good or bad influence on you based on your current moral standards. (NB: please note there is no moral judgment, just a reflection activity) Award 1 mark for sound evaluation. Total = 4 marks 3.1 Analyse the role of peer groups in shaping social development during middle childhood. (5 marks) 3.2 Identify three risk factors that hinder adolescent development. (6 marks) 3.3 Evaluate two consequences of teenage pregnancy and HIV/Aids on adolescent development. Question 2 [18 marks] Which theorist and theory aligns with the following statement? Justify your response by elaborating on why you think the statement is important for us to understand child development. Cite references for your work. 2.1 Schemas help explain how children learn through experience by allowing them to assimilate new information into existing schemas and accommodate new information by modifying schemas. 2.2 Learning occurs through interactions with more knowledgeable others, such as parents, teachers, and peers, and language and culture are essential tools for cognitive development. 2.3 Children learn by observing the behaviour of others and the consequences of those behaviours. 2.4 Children develop a sense of initiative and confidence in their ability to take on new tasks and challenges. 2.5 The child does not develop according to fixed ages, but rather according to readiness to perform a certain task. 2.6 Human development is influenced by the link between satisfying basic needs and development or growth needs. Statement State Theorist State Theory Provide a Justification Referencing Write the statement in full and make a table to present your answer. Mention the theorist who aligns with the statement. Award ½ mark for mentioning the correct theorist Mention the theory that aligns with the statement Award 1 mark for mentioning the correct theory in full Justify why the statement is important for advancing our understanding of child development. You could explain the rationale behind the theory and why the statement is true, considering the assumptions that underpin it. You could also refer to the section that confirms the statement. Award 1 mark for the justification Award 1/2 mark for consistent referencing for each section Total = 3 6 6 3 Question 3 [12 marks] 3.1 Numerous risk factors can affect the holistic development of orphans and vulnerable children in our communities. Identify the 6 (six) risk factors and explain how you, as a student of child and adolescent development, can support and mitigate the risk for orphans and vulnerable children to promote holistic development. Questions 1 [20 marks] 1.1 What is your understanding of the following domains of development? Indicate the study guide sections and give numbers where you found the theory for your answer. [8 marks] 1.1.1 Cognitive domain 1.1.2 Physical domain 1.1.3 Social domain 1.1.4 Emotional domain 1.2 Give examples of how these domains are displayed in children between 6 and 12 years. 2.1 Compare the information in column A with the information in column B. Match the correct phrase in column B to Column A. Write down ONLY the number of the word and phrase in column A. Next to the number write ONLY the letter of the word and phrase in column B that relates best to the word or phrase in column A. 2.2 Indicate the study guide’s section and page numbers where you found the theory for answering the questions next to each question. Example: 1 D Section … p … 2 A Section … p … COLUMN A COLUMN B REFERENCE (section and page Downloaded by Chandrey De Villiers () lOMoARcPSD| number) 1 Jean Piaget A Body smart 2 Germination phase B Adolescent development 3 Personal identity C Moral-ethical theory 4 Howard Gardener D Constructivist theory 5 Prefrontal cortex E Prenatal development 6 Lawrence Kohlberg F Psychosocial development 7 Growth spurt G Values and norms 8 Genetic disorder H Asynchrony 9 Erik Erikson I Focus attention 10 Normative aspects J Risk factor K Down's syndrome 1.3 What were the key influences or the key people that shaped your moral/normative development? Explain whether they were good or bad influences and justify your answer. 4.1 Compare the information in column A with the information in column B. Match the correct phrase in column B to Column A. Write down ONLY the number of Downloaded by Chandrey De Villiers () lOMoARcPSD| the word/phrase in column A. Next to the number write ONLY the letter of the word/phrase in column B that relates best to the word or phrase in column A. 4.2 Indicate the study guide’s section and page numbers where you found the theory for answering the questions next to each question. Example: 1. D Section … p … 2 A Section … p … COLUMN A COLUMN B REFERENCE (section and page number) 1 Albert Bandura A Private speech 2 Moral development B Maturation 3 The brain C Group of genes 4 Lev Vygotsky D Emotional trauma 5 OCEAN model E Cerebellum 6 Child-headed households D Social cognitive learning 7 Arnold Gesell G Concrete operational 8 Conventional morality H Role confusion 9 Jean Piaget I Extraversion 10 Chromosome J Empathy K Obedience to authorityEach question has one correct answer. 1. What is a fine motor skill that infants develop in the first year? • A. Walking with support • B. Crawling • C. Pincher grasp • D. Jumping 2. According to Piaget, how do toddlers transition? • A. From concrete operational to formal operational. • B. From sensory-motor to pre-operational. • C. From pre-operational to formal operational. • D. From formal operational to abstract thinking. 2 3. What is a sign of toddler emotional development? • A. Ability to draw shapes • B. Temper tantrums • C. Use of plurals • D. Parallel play 4. What is the term for the emotional bond formed by the infant toward the caregiver? • A. Bonding • B. Attachment • C. Empathy • D. Affiliation Description of the domain How the domain is displayed in children aged 6-12 years Indicate the study guide sections and give numbers where you found the theory for your answer 1.1.1 Cognitive domain Allocate two marks each for the explanation of the domain. Maximum of 8 marks 1.2 Allocate one mark for the correct activity that demonstrates the domain by children. Maximum of 4 marks 1 mark for section number and page number (give both for 1 mark) Maximum of 4 marks 1.1.2 Physical domain 1.1.3 Social domain 1.1.4 Emotional domain Total = 16 marks 3.1 Read Sifiso’s story in unit 1 and complete activities 1.2 and 1.3 in your study guide. You do not need to submit the activities but you have to complete these activities to answer question 4.2. 3.2 Complete activity 1.4 of your CAD1501 study guide: Duplicate the table in your answer script, and complete the table relating to Sifiso’s development. Submit the completed table. Give at least TWO (2) examples from Sifiso’s story for each aspect of development. 3.3 Do you think that Sifiso’s development is progressing appropriately in all aspects? Give at least five reasons for your answer. Domain What were the key influences Who were the people involved, and how Evaluate if they were good or bad influences 1.3 Moral/normative development Explain in your own words how you became aware or formed your moral development. Demonstrate that you understand the moral and normative domains. Maximum two marks for showing understanding of a moral issue. Give a relevant account on how these individuals or people shaped your moral view. Award 1 mark for showing how the person shaped moral development Reflect on whether they were a good or bad influence on you based on your current moral standards. (NB: please note there is no moral judgment, just a reflection activity) Award 1 mark for sound evaluation. Total = 4 marks 2 1 1 2 Question 2 [18 marks] Which theorist and theory aligns with the following statement? Justify your response by elaborating on why you think the statement is important for us to understand child development. Cite references for your work. 2.1 Schemas help explain how children learn through experience by allowing them to assimilate new information into existing schemas and accommodate new information by modifying schemas. 2.2 Learning occurs through interactions with more knowledgeable others, such as parents, teachers, and peers, and language and culture are essential tools for cognitive development. 2.3 Children learn by observing the behaviour of others and the consequences of those behaviours. 2.4 Children develop a sense of initiative and confidence in their ability to take on new tasks and challenges. 2.5 The child does not develop according to fixed ages, but rather according to readiness to perform a certain task. 2.6 Human development is influenced by the link between satisfying basic needs and development or growth needs. Statement State Theorist State Theory Provide a Justification Which developmental milestone is expected by age three? • A. Crawling • B. Scribbling • C. Walking with support • D. Sitting with support 6. According to Piaget, in which cognitive stage are children in middle childhood? • A. Pre-operational • B. Sensory-motor • C. Concrete operational • D. Formal operational 7. What is a sign of emotional intelligence in middle childhood? • A. Egocentric thinking • B. Mood swings • C. Emotional self-awareness • D. Inability to express feelings 8. What is a key feature of metalinguistic awareness? • A. Learning to read • B. Understanding sarcasm and irony • C. Speaking in full sentences • D. Memorising vocabulary 3 9. What is a risk factor for moral development in middle childhood? • A. Exposure to positive role models • B. Strict but consistent parenting • C. Exposure to violent media • D. Participation in peer activities Write the statement in full and make a table to present your answer. Mention the theorist who aligns with the statement. Award ½ mark for mentioning the correct theorist Mention the theory that aligns with the statement Award 1 mark for mentioning the correct theory in full Justify why the statement is important for advancing our understanding of child development. You could explain the rationale behind the theory and why the statement is true, considering the assumptions that underpin it. You could also refer to the section that confirms the statement. Award 1 mark for the justification Award 1/2 mark for consistent referencing for each section Total = 3 6 6 3 Question 3 [12 marks] 3.1 Numerous risk factors can affect the holistic development of orphans and vulnerable children in our communities. Identify the 6 (six) risk factors and explain how you, as a student of child and adolescent development, can support and mitigate the risk for orphans and vulnerable children to promote holistic development. 3.1 Read Sifiso’s story in unit 1 and complete activities 1.2 and 1.3 in your study guide. You do not need to submit the activities but you have to complete these activities to answer question 4.2. 3.2 Complete activity 1.4 of your CAD1501 study guide: Duplicate the table in your answer script, and complete the table relating to Sifiso’s development. Submit the completed table. Give at least TWO (2) examples from Sifiso’s story for each aspect of development. 3.3 Do you think that Sifiso’s development is progressing appropriately in all aspects? Give at least five reasons for your answer. 4.1 Compare the information in column A with the information in column B. Match the correct phrase in column B to Column A. Write down ONLY the number of Downloaded by Chandrey De Villiers () lOMoARcPSD| the word/phrase in column A. Next to the number write ONLY the letter of the word/phrase in column B that relates best to the word or phrase in column A. 4.2 Indicate the study guide’s section and page numbers where you found the theory for answering the questions next to each question. Example: 1. D Section … p … 2 A Section … p … COLUMN A COLUMN B REFERENCE (section and page number) 1 Albert Bandura A Private speech 2 Moral development B Maturation 3 The brain C Group of genes 4 Lev Vygotsky D Emotional trauma 5 OCEAN model E Cerebellum 6 Child-headed households D Social cognitive learning 7 Arnold Gesell G Concrete operational 8 Conventional morality H Role confusion 9 Jean Piaget I Extraversion 10 Chromosome J Empathy K Obedience to authorityWhat is a social function of peer groups in middle childhood? • A. Promoting isolation • B. Weakening independence • C. Teaching rule obedience • D. Reducing competition 11. Which brain region is responsible for adolescent impulse control and planning? • A. Amygdala • B. Cerebellum • C. Prefrontal cortex • D. Brain stem 12. According to Erikson, what is the psychosocial crisis during adolescence? • A. Trust versus mistrust • B. Autonomy versus shame • C. Identity versus role confusion • D. Intimacy versus isolation 13. What is a secondary sex characteristic in boys? • A. Growth of testes • B. Sperm production • C. Beard growth • D. Night-time ejaculation 14. What is the term for the uneven growth of body parts during puberty? • A. Synchrony • B. Asynchrony • C. Maturation • D. Adolescence 4 15. Which personality trait from the OCEAN model refers to being organised and responsible? • A. Openness • B. Conscientiousness • C. Agreeableness • D. Neuroticism