N136 Week 1: Endocrine disorders, Hepatobiliary, Pancreas
Questions With Complete Solutions
Addisonian Crisis
Addisonian Crisis
life-threatening condition
sudden and severe drop in cortisol and aldosterone, normally
triggered by stress, infection, surgery, sudden steroid therapy
withdrawal
-manifest severe
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Dehydration
Hyponatremia
Hypoglycemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypovolemia
diarrhea
fever
weakness
confusion
Nursing Management
,Monitor vs
Neuro assessment
lab values due to hypo/hyper condition
IV fluid for hypotension
Antibiotics-if caused by infection
Steroids IV solumedrol
Main functions of liver
Ammonia is byproduct of protein digestion
Liver is responsible for metabolizing Ammonia to Urea to
excrete by kidneys and intestines this process contributes to
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
Ammonia can cross blood brain barrier and is toxic to brain,
body needs to excrete. If liver damage is present, liver is unable
to metabolize Ammonia and will buildup in body. Ammonia can
cross blood brain barrier in brain causing neuro symptoms.
Produces Albumin, has properties of oncotic pressure, pulling
fluid into vascular space
Albumin carries Calcium (low albumin=low Ca)
Low albumin causes:
Edema
Ascites
,Liver produces Clotting factors, if issues with liver, clotting
will be affected causing problem with coagulation, patient at risk
for bleeding and bruising.
Bilirubin-substance made after breaking down old blood cells
(unconjugated bilirubin), after metabolized by liver, it becomes
conjugated or direct bilirubin, can now be excreted by small
intestine-gives brown color to feces and by kidneys
-bilirubin is part of bile, which helps digest fats consumed.
-clay or brown stool is an indicator of liver issues, liver is unable
to process bilirubin
Stores glucose in form of glycogen via and can break down to
convert glucose via gluconeogenesis
Produces clear cholesterols/enzymes in body that help with
digestion.
Regulates/metabolizes reproductive hormones: estrogen and
testosterone, steroid hormone, aldosterone.
Liver stores fat soluble vitamins:
Vitamin A
Vitamin K (essential for clotting)
Vitamin E
Vitamin D
Stores vitamin B12 (cobalamin) which is a water-soluble
vitamin.
hepatic portal vein
, Main vessel of portal venous system that drains blood from:
GI tract
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Spleen
-blood goes to liver
Hepatitis ABCDE
Inflammation of liver that causes cell damage that results in
necrosis of liver tissue. Scar tissue obstructs normal blood flow.
*Vowels come from the bowels*
Hepatitis A
fecal-oral route
contaminated food/water
poor hygiene (not washing hands after #2)
short lived
Hepatitis E
fecal-oral route
normally found in water
normally seen after emergencies
short lived
Hepatitis BCD
Questions With Complete Solutions
Addisonian Crisis
Addisonian Crisis
life-threatening condition
sudden and severe drop in cortisol and aldosterone, normally
triggered by stress, infection, surgery, sudden steroid therapy
withdrawal
-manifest severe
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Dehydration
Hyponatremia
Hypoglycemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypovolemia
diarrhea
fever
weakness
confusion
Nursing Management
,Monitor vs
Neuro assessment
lab values due to hypo/hyper condition
IV fluid for hypotension
Antibiotics-if caused by infection
Steroids IV solumedrol
Main functions of liver
Ammonia is byproduct of protein digestion
Liver is responsible for metabolizing Ammonia to Urea to
excrete by kidneys and intestines this process contributes to
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
Ammonia can cross blood brain barrier and is toxic to brain,
body needs to excrete. If liver damage is present, liver is unable
to metabolize Ammonia and will buildup in body. Ammonia can
cross blood brain barrier in brain causing neuro symptoms.
Produces Albumin, has properties of oncotic pressure, pulling
fluid into vascular space
Albumin carries Calcium (low albumin=low Ca)
Low albumin causes:
Edema
Ascites
,Liver produces Clotting factors, if issues with liver, clotting
will be affected causing problem with coagulation, patient at risk
for bleeding and bruising.
Bilirubin-substance made after breaking down old blood cells
(unconjugated bilirubin), after metabolized by liver, it becomes
conjugated or direct bilirubin, can now be excreted by small
intestine-gives brown color to feces and by kidneys
-bilirubin is part of bile, which helps digest fats consumed.
-clay or brown stool is an indicator of liver issues, liver is unable
to process bilirubin
Stores glucose in form of glycogen via and can break down to
convert glucose via gluconeogenesis
Produces clear cholesterols/enzymes in body that help with
digestion.
Regulates/metabolizes reproductive hormones: estrogen and
testosterone, steroid hormone, aldosterone.
Liver stores fat soluble vitamins:
Vitamin A
Vitamin K (essential for clotting)
Vitamin E
Vitamin D
Stores vitamin B12 (cobalamin) which is a water-soluble
vitamin.
hepatic portal vein
, Main vessel of portal venous system that drains blood from:
GI tract
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Spleen
-blood goes to liver
Hepatitis ABCDE
Inflammation of liver that causes cell damage that results in
necrosis of liver tissue. Scar tissue obstructs normal blood flow.
*Vowels come from the bowels*
Hepatitis A
fecal-oral route
contaminated food/water
poor hygiene (not washing hands after #2)
short lived
Hepatitis E
fecal-oral route
normally found in water
normally seen after emergencies
short lived
Hepatitis BCD
