McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
9th Edition
• Author(s)Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1, Cellular Biology, Section:
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Stem: A student is reviewing differences between prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cells. Which structural feature is unique to
eukaryotic cells?
Options:
A) Circular DNA
B) Peptidoglycan cell wall
C) Membrane-bound organelles
D) Ribosomes for protein synthesis
Correct Answer: C
Rationales:
Correct: Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles
(e.g., mitochondria, Golgi apparatus), which are absent in
prokaryotes .
Incorrect A: Circular DNA is characteristic of prokaryotes;
eukaryotes have linear DNA organized into chromosomes.
Incorrect B: Peptidoglycan cell walls are found in bacteria
(prokaryotes), not eukaryotes.
,Incorrect D: Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have ribosomes
for protein synthesis, though they differ in size and complexity.
Teaching Point: Eukaryotic cells are defined by membrane-
bound organelles compartmentalizing functions.
Item 2
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1, Cellular Biology, Section: Cellular
Functions
Stem: Which cellular function is primarily responsible for
maintaining homeostasis by regulating intracellular conditions
in response to environmental changes?
Options:
A) Metabolic absorption
B) Communication
C) Secretion
D) Excretion
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
Correct: Communication allows cells to respond to stimuli (e.g.,
hormones, signals) to coordinate homeostasis .
Incorrect A: Metabolic absorption involves nutrient uptake but
does not directly regulate homeostasis.
Incorrect C: Secretion releases substances but is not the
primary regulator of homeostasis.
,Incorrect D: Excretion removes waste but is a passive process.
Teaching Point: Cellular communication enables adaptive
responses to internal and external changes.
Item 3
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1, Cellular Biology, Section:
Structure and Function of Cellular Components
Stem: A patient presents with a genetic disorder disrupting
peroxisome function. Which toxic consequence is most likely?
Options:
A) Accumulation of hydrogen peroxide damaging cellular
structures
B) Impaired protein synthesis due to ribosome dysfunction
C) Inability to digest cellular debris via hydrolases
D) Failure to produce ATP in mitochondria
Correct Answer: A
Rationales:
Correct: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that produce H₂O₂;
dysfunction leads to oxidative damage .
Incorrect B: Ribosomes handle protein synthesis, not
peroxisomes.
Incorrect C: Lysosomes digest debris using hydrolases.
Incorrect D: Mitochondria are responsible for ATP production.
Teaching Point: Peroxisomes use oxidative reactions to detoxify
substrates, preventing H₂O₂ accumulation.
, Item 4
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1, Cellular Biology, Section:
Structure and Function of Cellular Components
Stem: Which organelle is responsible for cellular autodigestion
when released due to injury?
Options:
A) Ribosome
B) Golgi complex
C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) Lysosome
Correct Answer: D
Rationales:
Correct: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that, if released,
cause cellular self-digestion .
Incorrect A: Ribosomes synthesize proteins and do not contain
digestive enzymes.
Incorrect B: Golgi complex modifies and packages proteins.
Incorrect C: Smooth ER synthesizes lipids and detoxifies
substances.
Teaching Point: Lysosomal enzyme leakage leads to
autodigestion in cell injury.
Item 5
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
9th Edition
• Author(s)Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1, Cellular Biology, Section:
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Stem: A student is reviewing differences between prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cells. Which structural feature is unique to
eukaryotic cells?
Options:
A) Circular DNA
B) Peptidoglycan cell wall
C) Membrane-bound organelles
D) Ribosomes for protein synthesis
Correct Answer: C
Rationales:
Correct: Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles
(e.g., mitochondria, Golgi apparatus), which are absent in
prokaryotes .
Incorrect A: Circular DNA is characteristic of prokaryotes;
eukaryotes have linear DNA organized into chromosomes.
Incorrect B: Peptidoglycan cell walls are found in bacteria
(prokaryotes), not eukaryotes.
,Incorrect D: Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have ribosomes
for protein synthesis, though they differ in size and complexity.
Teaching Point: Eukaryotic cells are defined by membrane-
bound organelles compartmentalizing functions.
Item 2
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1, Cellular Biology, Section: Cellular
Functions
Stem: Which cellular function is primarily responsible for
maintaining homeostasis by regulating intracellular conditions
in response to environmental changes?
Options:
A) Metabolic absorption
B) Communication
C) Secretion
D) Excretion
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
Correct: Communication allows cells to respond to stimuli (e.g.,
hormones, signals) to coordinate homeostasis .
Incorrect A: Metabolic absorption involves nutrient uptake but
does not directly regulate homeostasis.
Incorrect C: Secretion releases substances but is not the
primary regulator of homeostasis.
,Incorrect D: Excretion removes waste but is a passive process.
Teaching Point: Cellular communication enables adaptive
responses to internal and external changes.
Item 3
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1, Cellular Biology, Section:
Structure and Function of Cellular Components
Stem: A patient presents with a genetic disorder disrupting
peroxisome function. Which toxic consequence is most likely?
Options:
A) Accumulation of hydrogen peroxide damaging cellular
structures
B) Impaired protein synthesis due to ribosome dysfunction
C) Inability to digest cellular debris via hydrolases
D) Failure to produce ATP in mitochondria
Correct Answer: A
Rationales:
Correct: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that produce H₂O₂;
dysfunction leads to oxidative damage .
Incorrect B: Ribosomes handle protein synthesis, not
peroxisomes.
Incorrect C: Lysosomes digest debris using hydrolases.
Incorrect D: Mitochondria are responsible for ATP production.
Teaching Point: Peroxisomes use oxidative reactions to detoxify
substrates, preventing H₂O₂ accumulation.
, Item 4
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1, Cellular Biology, Section:
Structure and Function of Cellular Components
Stem: Which organelle is responsible for cellular autodigestion
when released due to injury?
Options:
A) Ribosome
B) Golgi complex
C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) Lysosome
Correct Answer: D
Rationales:
Correct: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that, if released,
cause cellular self-digestion .
Incorrect A: Ribosomes synthesize proteins and do not contain
digestive enzymes.
Incorrect B: Golgi complex modifies and packages proteins.
Incorrect C: Smooth ER synthesizes lipids and detoxifies
substances.
Teaching Point: Lysosomal enzyme leakage leads to
autodigestion in cell injury.
Item 5
