VATI Med Surg Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
A nurse is caring for a client who has atopic dermatitis and a prescription for
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
triamcinolone ointment. The nurse should assess the client to monitor for which
| | | | | | | | | | | |
of the following adverse effects? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Thinning of the skin.
| | | | | | | | | | |
Only apply the ointment to dry patches of the skin to avoid atrophy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
A nurse is assessing a client who has left-sided heart failure. Which of the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of left-sided heart
| | | | | | | | | | | |
failure? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Frothy sputum
| | | | |
Pink-tinged frothy sputum can be an early indication of pulmonary edema and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
can be life-threatening. Therefore, the nurse should notify the provider
| | | | | | | | | |
immediately.
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing anxiety as well as numbness and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
tingling of the lips and fingers. The client's ABGs are: pH 7.48, PCO2 30 mm Hg,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
HCO3- 24 mEq/L, PaO2 85 mm Hg. Which of thefollowing acid-base imbalances
| | | | | | | | | | | |
should the nurse identify that the client is experiencing? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | | |
Respiratory alkalosis | |
- The pH is alkaline (increased)
| | | | |
- PCO2 is decreased representing alveolar hyperventilation & resultant respiratory
| | | | | | | | |
|alkalosis
,A nurse is assessing a client who has Cushing's syndrome. Which of the following
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
findings should the nurse expect? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Osteoporosis
| | | | | | | |
Bone become thinner as a result of mineral loss & nitrogen depletion.
| | | | | | | | | | |
A nurse is inspecting the skin of a client who has basal cell carcinoma. The nurse
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
should identify which of the following lesion characteristics on the client's skin? -
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A pearly, waxy nodule. | | | |
- Basal cell carcinoma has a nodular lesion with well defined borders & pearly or
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
waxy appearance resulting from overexposure to the sun. especially on the face,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
head, and neck. | | |
-A client who has melanoma has a lesion with irregular borders and variegated
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
colors of red, white, and blue, most often on the upper back or lower legs.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-A client who has squamous cell carcinoma has a firm, nodular, and crusty lesion
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
with a ulcerated center, resulting from sun exposure, chronic irritation, burns, or
| | | | | | | | | | | |
irradiation to the skin. | | |
A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client who is overusing
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
prescribed diuretics and has a sodium level of 127 mEq/L. Which of the following
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
laboratory findings should the nurse expect? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-LOW URINE
| | | | | | | | |
|SPECFIC GRAVITY. |
-A client who has hyponatremia as a result of diuretic overuse has a low urine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
specific gravity. The increased excretion of water alters the ratio of particulate
| | | | | | | | | | | |
matter, which affects the specific gravity.
| | | | |
,A home health nurse is assisting a client with planning care for a family member
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
who has Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following instructions should the
| | | | | | | | | | |
nurse include? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Remove clutter from rooms and hallways
| | | | | | | | | |
- This allows the client is able to walk without the risk of falling or tripping over
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
objects. Later in the disease, the client can experience seizures, so cluttered areas
| | | | | | | | | | | |
|could be a risk to the client
| | | | | |
A nurse is caring for a client who has developed acute respiratory distress
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
manifestation of this syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-REFRACTORY | | | | | | |
HYPOXEMIA
- A client who has ARDS has refractory hypoxemia, which is hypoxemia that does
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
not improve with oxygen therapy. Extensive pulmonary edema evident on a chest
| | | | | | | | | | |
|x-ray is a manifestation of ARDS.
| | | | |
An emergency room nurse is assessing a client who has asthma and difficulty
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
breathing. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
client is experiencing status asthmaticus? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-USE OF
| | | | | | | | |
ASSCESSORY MUSCLES. | |
- A client who has status asthmaticus uses accessory muscles to help facilitate
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
breathing, which is a manifestation of a severe airflow obstruction. The situation
| | | | | | | | | | | |
is life-threatening and the nurse should intervene immediately with strong
| | | | | | | | | |
systemic bronchodilators, epinephrine, corticosteroids, and oxygen.
| | | | |
, A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for PHENYTOIN to treat a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
seizure disorder. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse instruct
| | | | | | | | | | | |
the client to report IMMEDIATELY to the provider? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-SKIN
| | | | | | | | | | |
RASH. |
- the nurse should determine that the priority finding is a rash, which can have a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
measles-like appearance and progress to exfoliative dermatitis or Stevens-
| | | | | | | |
Johnson syndrome. The client should report this finding to the provider
| | | | | | | | | | |
immediately.
A nurse is monitoring a client following a LUMBAR LAMINECTOMY. The client has
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
a drain and indwelling urinary catheter. The nurse should identify which of the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
following findings as an indication of a COMPLICATION of the surgery? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-CLEAR DRAINAGE OF DRESSINGS | | |
- This is an indication of a cerebral spinal leak
| | | | | | | | |
A nurse is assessing a client who has RIGHT-SIDED HEART FAILURE. Which of the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of RIGHT- SIDED
| | | | | | | | | | | |
HEART FAILURE? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-INCREASED ABDOMINAL GIRTH
| | | | | |
A nurse is caring for a client who recently assumed the role of caregiver for their
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
aging parents who have chronic illnesses. The nurse should identify that which of
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
the following statements by the client indicates ACCEPTANCE of the role change?
| | | | | | | | | | |
- CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-" I changed the floor plan of our homes to
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
accommodate my father's wheelchair. " | | | |
Correct Answers
A nurse is caring for a client who has atopic dermatitis and a prescription for
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
triamcinolone ointment. The nurse should assess the client to monitor for which
| | | | | | | | | | | |
of the following adverse effects? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Thinning of the skin.
| | | | | | | | | | |
Only apply the ointment to dry patches of the skin to avoid atrophy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
A nurse is assessing a client who has left-sided heart failure. Which of the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of left-sided heart
| | | | | | | | | | | |
failure? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Frothy sputum
| | | | |
Pink-tinged frothy sputum can be an early indication of pulmonary edema and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
can be life-threatening. Therefore, the nurse should notify the provider
| | | | | | | | | |
immediately.
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing anxiety as well as numbness and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
tingling of the lips and fingers. The client's ABGs are: pH 7.48, PCO2 30 mm Hg,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
HCO3- 24 mEq/L, PaO2 85 mm Hg. Which of thefollowing acid-base imbalances
| | | | | | | | | | | |
should the nurse identify that the client is experiencing? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | | |
Respiratory alkalosis | |
- The pH is alkaline (increased)
| | | | |
- PCO2 is decreased representing alveolar hyperventilation & resultant respiratory
| | | | | | | | |
|alkalosis
,A nurse is assessing a client who has Cushing's syndrome. Which of the following
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
findings should the nurse expect? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Osteoporosis
| | | | | | | |
Bone become thinner as a result of mineral loss & nitrogen depletion.
| | | | | | | | | | |
A nurse is inspecting the skin of a client who has basal cell carcinoma. The nurse
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
should identify which of the following lesion characteristics on the client's skin? -
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A pearly, waxy nodule. | | | |
- Basal cell carcinoma has a nodular lesion with well defined borders & pearly or
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
waxy appearance resulting from overexposure to the sun. especially on the face,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
head, and neck. | | |
-A client who has melanoma has a lesion with irregular borders and variegated
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
colors of red, white, and blue, most often on the upper back or lower legs.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-A client who has squamous cell carcinoma has a firm, nodular, and crusty lesion
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
with a ulcerated center, resulting from sun exposure, chronic irritation, burns, or
| | | | | | | | | | | |
irradiation to the skin. | | |
A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client who is overusing
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
prescribed diuretics and has a sodium level of 127 mEq/L. Which of the following
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
laboratory findings should the nurse expect? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-LOW URINE
| | | | | | | | |
|SPECFIC GRAVITY. |
-A client who has hyponatremia as a result of diuretic overuse has a low urine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
specific gravity. The increased excretion of water alters the ratio of particulate
| | | | | | | | | | | |
matter, which affects the specific gravity.
| | | | |
,A home health nurse is assisting a client with planning care for a family member
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
who has Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following instructions should the
| | | | | | | | | | |
nurse include? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Remove clutter from rooms and hallways
| | | | | | | | | |
- This allows the client is able to walk without the risk of falling or tripping over
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
objects. Later in the disease, the client can experience seizures, so cluttered areas
| | | | | | | | | | | |
|could be a risk to the client
| | | | | |
A nurse is caring for a client who has developed acute respiratory distress
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
manifestation of this syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-REFRACTORY | | | | | | |
HYPOXEMIA
- A client who has ARDS has refractory hypoxemia, which is hypoxemia that does
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
not improve with oxygen therapy. Extensive pulmonary edema evident on a chest
| | | | | | | | | | |
|x-ray is a manifestation of ARDS.
| | | | |
An emergency room nurse is assessing a client who has asthma and difficulty
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
breathing. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
client is experiencing status asthmaticus? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-USE OF
| | | | | | | | |
ASSCESSORY MUSCLES. | |
- A client who has status asthmaticus uses accessory muscles to help facilitate
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
breathing, which is a manifestation of a severe airflow obstruction. The situation
| | | | | | | | | | | |
is life-threatening and the nurse should intervene immediately with strong
| | | | | | | | | |
systemic bronchodilators, epinephrine, corticosteroids, and oxygen.
| | | | |
, A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for PHENYTOIN to treat a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
seizure disorder. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse instruct
| | | | | | | | | | | |
the client to report IMMEDIATELY to the provider? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-SKIN
| | | | | | | | | | |
RASH. |
- the nurse should determine that the priority finding is a rash, which can have a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
measles-like appearance and progress to exfoliative dermatitis or Stevens-
| | | | | | | |
Johnson syndrome. The client should report this finding to the provider
| | | | | | | | | | |
immediately.
A nurse is monitoring a client following a LUMBAR LAMINECTOMY. The client has
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
a drain and indwelling urinary catheter. The nurse should identify which of the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
following findings as an indication of a COMPLICATION of the surgery? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-CLEAR DRAINAGE OF DRESSINGS | | |
- This is an indication of a cerebral spinal leak
| | | | | | | | |
A nurse is assessing a client who has RIGHT-SIDED HEART FAILURE. Which of the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of RIGHT- SIDED
| | | | | | | | | | | |
HEART FAILURE? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-INCREASED ABDOMINAL GIRTH
| | | | | |
A nurse is caring for a client who recently assumed the role of caregiver for their
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
aging parents who have chronic illnesses. The nurse should identify that which of
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
the following statements by the client indicates ACCEPTANCE of the role change?
| | | | | | | | | | |
- CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-" I changed the floor plan of our homes to
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
accommodate my father's wheelchair. " | | | |
