Nur 208 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Caring |correct |answers |sharing |deep |and |genuine |concern |about |the |welfare |of |another |person.
Caring |practice |correct |answers |mutual |recognition, |connection, |involvement |between |nurse |and
|client
Examples |of |Caring |correct |answers |• |A |client |experiencing |postoperative |pain |is |given |medication
|to |control |her |symptoms, |and |then |the |nurse |talks |quietly |and |holds |her |hand |for |a |few |minutes |as
|the |pain |resolves. |The |nurse's |presence, |in |itself, |provides |comfort |for |the |client.
• |After |the |student |nurse |washes |the |hair |of |an |older |woman |who |is |immobilized |and |applies |her
|makeup, |she |helps |the |woman |into |a |wheelchair |to |greet |her |daughter |and |grandchildren. |The
|woman |is |extremely |grateful |and |her |sense |of |dignity |is |enhanced |by |this |personal |care.
Nursing |correct |answers |nurturance |or |care
Culture |Care |Diversity |and |Universality |(Leininger) |correct |answers |- |emphasizes |care |as |"distinct,
|dominant, |unifying, |and |central |focus |of |nursing"
- |Her |theory |of |culture |care |diversity |and |universality |is |based |on |the |assumption |that |nurses |must
|understand |different |cultures |in |order |to |function |effectively.
- |When |nursing |care |fails |to |be |reasonably |congruent |with |the |client's |beliefs, |lifeways, |and |values,
|signs |of |conflict, |noncompliance, |and |stress |may |arise.
- |Culturally |congruent |care |involves |three |action-decision |care |approaches: |
(1) |preservation |of |the |client's |familiar |lifeways
(2) |accommodations |that |help |clients |adapt |to |or |negotiate |for |satisfying |care
(3) |repatterning |nursing |care |to |help |the |client |move |toward |wellness
,- |further |defines |caring |as |"assistive, |supportive, |and |enabling |experiences |or |ideas |towards |others
|with |evident |or |anticipated |needs, |to |ameliorate |or |improve |a |human |condition |or |lifeway"
Theory |of |Bureaucratic |Caring |(Ray) |correct |answers |- |The |theory |suggests |that |caring |in |nursing |is
|contextual |and |is |influenced |by |the |organizational |structure |and |the |role |and |position |a |person |held.
- |the |meaning |of |caring |varied: |an |intensive |care |unit |had |a |dominant |value |of |technologic |caring
|(i.e., |monitors, |ventilators, |treatments, |and |pharmacotherapeutics), |and |an |oncology |unit |had |a
|value |of |a |more |intimate, |spiritual |caring |(i.e., |family |focused, |comforting, |compassionate)
- |Staff |nurses |valued |caring |in |terms |of |its |relatedness |to |clients, |whereas |administrators |valued
|caring |as |more |system |related, |such |as |safeguarding |the |economic |well-being |of |the |hospital |
|- |spiritual-ethical |caring |influences |each |aspect |of |the |bureaucratic |system |(technologic, |physical,
|legal, |political, |economic, |social-cultural, |and |educational). |Each |of |these |aspects |is |different, |but
|they |make |up |a |whole |bureaucratic |system |(e.g., |a |hospital). |
- |Nurses |make |these |choices |with |the |interest |of |the |client |at |heart |and |use |ethical |principles |as |the
|foundation |for |the |basis |of |professional |decision |making.
- |"Spiritual-ethical |caring |for |nursing |does |not |question |whether |or |not |to |care |in |complex |systems,
|but |intimates |how |sincere |deliberations |and |ultimately |the |facilitation |of |choices |for |the |good |of
|others |can |or |should |be |accomplished"
Caring, |the |Human |Mode |of |Being |(Roach) |correct |answers |- |All |individuals |are |caring, |and
|develop |their |caring |abilities |by |being |true |to |self, |being |real, |and |being |who |they |truly |are. |Thus,
|caring |is |not |unique |to |nursing.
- |visualizes |caring |to |be |unique |in |nursing |however, |because |caring |is |the |center |of |all |attributes |she
|uses |to |describe |nursing. |
- |Roach |defines |these |attributes |as |the |six |C's |of |caring: |compassion, |competence, |confidence,
|conscience, |commitment, |and |comportment.
Compassion |correct |answers |Awareness |of |one's |relationship |to |others, |sharing |their |joys, |sorrows,
|pain, |and |accomplishments. |Participation |in |the |experience |of |another.
Competence |correct |answers |Having |the |"knowledge, |judgment, |skills, |energy, |experience |and
|motivation |required |to |respond |adequately |to |the |demands |of |one's |professional |responsibilities"
,Confidence |correct |answers |Comfort |with |self, |client, |and |others |that |allows |one |to |build |trusting
|relationships.
Conscience |correct |answers |Morals, |ethics, |and |an |informed |sense |of |right |and |wrong. |Awareness
|of |personal |responsibility.
Commitment |correct |answers |The |deliberate |choice |to |act |in |accordance |with |one's |desires |as |well
|as |obligations, |resulting |in |investment |of |self |in |a |task |or |cause.
Comportment |correct |answers |Appropriate |bearing, |demeanor, |dress, |and |language |that |are |in
|harmony |with |a |caring |presence. |Presenting |oneself |as |someone |who |respects |others |and |demands
|respect.
Nursing |as |Caring |(Boykin |and |Schoenhofer) |correct |answers |- |purpose |of |the |discipline |and
|profession |of |nursing |is |to |know |people |and |nurture |them |as |individuals |living |and |growing |in
|caring
- |Respect |for |people |as |caring |individuals |and |respect |for |what |matters |to |them |are |assumptions
|underlying |the |theory |of |nursing |as |caring.
Theory |of |Human |Care |(Watson) |correct |answers |- |Assumptions |of |Watson's |theory |and |nursing
|interventions |related |to |human |care, |or |her |carative |factors |
- |Watson |emphasizes |nursing's |commitment |to |care |of |the |whole |person |as |well |as |a |concern |for |the
|health |of |individuals |and |groups
- |The |nurse |and |client |are |coparticipants |in |the |client's |movement |toward |health |and |wholeness. |
- |This |human |connection |is |labeled |transpersonal |human |caring, |through |which |the |nurse |enters
|into |the |experience |of |the |client, |and |the |client |can |enter |into |the |nurse's |experience. |
-Watson |emphasizes |that |the |practice |of |nursing |is |both |transpersonal |and |metaphysical. |While |the
|nurse |maintains |professional |objectivity |as |a |scientist, |scholar, |clinician, |and |moral |agent, |the |nurse
|is |also |subjectively |engaged |in |the |interpersonal |relationship |with |the |client. |
- |Within |the |actual |caring |situation, |each |person |(nurse |and |client) |seeks |a |sense |of |harmony |within
|the |mind, |body, |and |soul, |thereby |actualizing |the |real |self.
, Social |and |Ethical |Responsibilities |of |Nurses |in |Relation |to |Caring |correct |answers |• |The |nurse
|must |care |for |the |self |in |order |to |care |for |others.
• |Nurses |must |remain |committed |to |human |care |ideals.
• |Cultivation |of |a |higher/deeper |self |and |a |higher |consciousness |leads |to |caring.
• |Human |care |can |only |be |demonstrated |through |interpersonal |relationships.
• |Honoring |the |connectedness |of |all |(unitary |consciousness) |leads |to |transpersonal |caring-healing.
• |Education |and |practice |systems |must |be |based |on |human |values |and |concern |for |the |welfare |of
|others.
Theory |of |Caring |(Swanson) |correct |answers |- |defines |caring |as |"a |nurturing |way |of |relating |to |a
|valued |'other,' |toward |whom |one |feels |a |personal |sense |of |commitment |and |responsibility" |
- |An |assumption |of |her |theory |is |that |a |client's |well-being |should |be |enhanced |through |the |caring |of
|a |nurse |who |understands |the |common |human |responses |to |a |specific |health |problem. |
-The |theory |focuses |on |caring |processes |as |nursing |interventions. |Swanson's |theory |was |developed
|through |interactions |with |parents |at |the |time |of |pregnancy, |miscarriage, |and |birth.
Caring |Processes |from |Swanson's |Theory |of |Caring
-provide |guidance |to |nurses |who |work |with |pregnant |and |postpartum |clients. |correct |answers
|KNOWING
- |Striving |to |understand |an |event |as |it |has |meaning |in |the |life |of |the |other
Avoiding |assumptions
Centering |on |the |one |cared |for
Assessing |thoroughly
Seeing |cues
Engaging |the |self |of |both
|
BEING |WITH
Being |emotionally |present |to |the |other
ANSWERS
Caring |correct |answers |sharing |deep |and |genuine |concern |about |the |welfare |of |another |person.
Caring |practice |correct |answers |mutual |recognition, |connection, |involvement |between |nurse |and
|client
Examples |of |Caring |correct |answers |• |A |client |experiencing |postoperative |pain |is |given |medication
|to |control |her |symptoms, |and |then |the |nurse |talks |quietly |and |holds |her |hand |for |a |few |minutes |as
|the |pain |resolves. |The |nurse's |presence, |in |itself, |provides |comfort |for |the |client.
• |After |the |student |nurse |washes |the |hair |of |an |older |woman |who |is |immobilized |and |applies |her
|makeup, |she |helps |the |woman |into |a |wheelchair |to |greet |her |daughter |and |grandchildren. |The
|woman |is |extremely |grateful |and |her |sense |of |dignity |is |enhanced |by |this |personal |care.
Nursing |correct |answers |nurturance |or |care
Culture |Care |Diversity |and |Universality |(Leininger) |correct |answers |- |emphasizes |care |as |"distinct,
|dominant, |unifying, |and |central |focus |of |nursing"
- |Her |theory |of |culture |care |diversity |and |universality |is |based |on |the |assumption |that |nurses |must
|understand |different |cultures |in |order |to |function |effectively.
- |When |nursing |care |fails |to |be |reasonably |congruent |with |the |client's |beliefs, |lifeways, |and |values,
|signs |of |conflict, |noncompliance, |and |stress |may |arise.
- |Culturally |congruent |care |involves |three |action-decision |care |approaches: |
(1) |preservation |of |the |client's |familiar |lifeways
(2) |accommodations |that |help |clients |adapt |to |or |negotiate |for |satisfying |care
(3) |repatterning |nursing |care |to |help |the |client |move |toward |wellness
,- |further |defines |caring |as |"assistive, |supportive, |and |enabling |experiences |or |ideas |towards |others
|with |evident |or |anticipated |needs, |to |ameliorate |or |improve |a |human |condition |or |lifeway"
Theory |of |Bureaucratic |Caring |(Ray) |correct |answers |- |The |theory |suggests |that |caring |in |nursing |is
|contextual |and |is |influenced |by |the |organizational |structure |and |the |role |and |position |a |person |held.
- |the |meaning |of |caring |varied: |an |intensive |care |unit |had |a |dominant |value |of |technologic |caring
|(i.e., |monitors, |ventilators, |treatments, |and |pharmacotherapeutics), |and |an |oncology |unit |had |a
|value |of |a |more |intimate, |spiritual |caring |(i.e., |family |focused, |comforting, |compassionate)
- |Staff |nurses |valued |caring |in |terms |of |its |relatedness |to |clients, |whereas |administrators |valued
|caring |as |more |system |related, |such |as |safeguarding |the |economic |well-being |of |the |hospital |
|- |spiritual-ethical |caring |influences |each |aspect |of |the |bureaucratic |system |(technologic, |physical,
|legal, |political, |economic, |social-cultural, |and |educational). |Each |of |these |aspects |is |different, |but
|they |make |up |a |whole |bureaucratic |system |(e.g., |a |hospital). |
- |Nurses |make |these |choices |with |the |interest |of |the |client |at |heart |and |use |ethical |principles |as |the
|foundation |for |the |basis |of |professional |decision |making.
- |"Spiritual-ethical |caring |for |nursing |does |not |question |whether |or |not |to |care |in |complex |systems,
|but |intimates |how |sincere |deliberations |and |ultimately |the |facilitation |of |choices |for |the |good |of
|others |can |or |should |be |accomplished"
Caring, |the |Human |Mode |of |Being |(Roach) |correct |answers |- |All |individuals |are |caring, |and
|develop |their |caring |abilities |by |being |true |to |self, |being |real, |and |being |who |they |truly |are. |Thus,
|caring |is |not |unique |to |nursing.
- |visualizes |caring |to |be |unique |in |nursing |however, |because |caring |is |the |center |of |all |attributes |she
|uses |to |describe |nursing. |
- |Roach |defines |these |attributes |as |the |six |C's |of |caring: |compassion, |competence, |confidence,
|conscience, |commitment, |and |comportment.
Compassion |correct |answers |Awareness |of |one's |relationship |to |others, |sharing |their |joys, |sorrows,
|pain, |and |accomplishments. |Participation |in |the |experience |of |another.
Competence |correct |answers |Having |the |"knowledge, |judgment, |skills, |energy, |experience |and
|motivation |required |to |respond |adequately |to |the |demands |of |one's |professional |responsibilities"
,Confidence |correct |answers |Comfort |with |self, |client, |and |others |that |allows |one |to |build |trusting
|relationships.
Conscience |correct |answers |Morals, |ethics, |and |an |informed |sense |of |right |and |wrong. |Awareness
|of |personal |responsibility.
Commitment |correct |answers |The |deliberate |choice |to |act |in |accordance |with |one's |desires |as |well
|as |obligations, |resulting |in |investment |of |self |in |a |task |or |cause.
Comportment |correct |answers |Appropriate |bearing, |demeanor, |dress, |and |language |that |are |in
|harmony |with |a |caring |presence. |Presenting |oneself |as |someone |who |respects |others |and |demands
|respect.
Nursing |as |Caring |(Boykin |and |Schoenhofer) |correct |answers |- |purpose |of |the |discipline |and
|profession |of |nursing |is |to |know |people |and |nurture |them |as |individuals |living |and |growing |in
|caring
- |Respect |for |people |as |caring |individuals |and |respect |for |what |matters |to |them |are |assumptions
|underlying |the |theory |of |nursing |as |caring.
Theory |of |Human |Care |(Watson) |correct |answers |- |Assumptions |of |Watson's |theory |and |nursing
|interventions |related |to |human |care, |or |her |carative |factors |
- |Watson |emphasizes |nursing's |commitment |to |care |of |the |whole |person |as |well |as |a |concern |for |the
|health |of |individuals |and |groups
- |The |nurse |and |client |are |coparticipants |in |the |client's |movement |toward |health |and |wholeness. |
- |This |human |connection |is |labeled |transpersonal |human |caring, |through |which |the |nurse |enters
|into |the |experience |of |the |client, |and |the |client |can |enter |into |the |nurse's |experience. |
-Watson |emphasizes |that |the |practice |of |nursing |is |both |transpersonal |and |metaphysical. |While |the
|nurse |maintains |professional |objectivity |as |a |scientist, |scholar, |clinician, |and |moral |agent, |the |nurse
|is |also |subjectively |engaged |in |the |interpersonal |relationship |with |the |client. |
- |Within |the |actual |caring |situation, |each |person |(nurse |and |client) |seeks |a |sense |of |harmony |within
|the |mind, |body, |and |soul, |thereby |actualizing |the |real |self.
, Social |and |Ethical |Responsibilities |of |Nurses |in |Relation |to |Caring |correct |answers |• |The |nurse
|must |care |for |the |self |in |order |to |care |for |others.
• |Nurses |must |remain |committed |to |human |care |ideals.
• |Cultivation |of |a |higher/deeper |self |and |a |higher |consciousness |leads |to |caring.
• |Human |care |can |only |be |demonstrated |through |interpersonal |relationships.
• |Honoring |the |connectedness |of |all |(unitary |consciousness) |leads |to |transpersonal |caring-healing.
• |Education |and |practice |systems |must |be |based |on |human |values |and |concern |for |the |welfare |of
|others.
Theory |of |Caring |(Swanson) |correct |answers |- |defines |caring |as |"a |nurturing |way |of |relating |to |a
|valued |'other,' |toward |whom |one |feels |a |personal |sense |of |commitment |and |responsibility" |
- |An |assumption |of |her |theory |is |that |a |client's |well-being |should |be |enhanced |through |the |caring |of
|a |nurse |who |understands |the |common |human |responses |to |a |specific |health |problem. |
-The |theory |focuses |on |caring |processes |as |nursing |interventions. |Swanson's |theory |was |developed
|through |interactions |with |parents |at |the |time |of |pregnancy, |miscarriage, |and |birth.
Caring |Processes |from |Swanson's |Theory |of |Caring
-provide |guidance |to |nurses |who |work |with |pregnant |and |postpartum |clients. |correct |answers
|KNOWING
- |Striving |to |understand |an |event |as |it |has |meaning |in |the |life |of |the |other
Avoiding |assumptions
Centering |on |the |one |cared |for
Assessing |thoroughly
Seeing |cues
Engaging |the |self |of |both
|
BEING |WITH
Being |emotionally |present |to |the |other
