AP GOV REVIEW QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS,
100% GUARANTEE
Amendment Process - Two Ways: 2/3rds majority in both houses of congress then to
States to ratify, or in constitutional conventions (never been used)
Articles of Confederation - Pre-Constitution, was adopted by the second continental
congress in 1781 during the revolution. Limited because states held most of the power, and
congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control money
Block Grants - Money sent to states to fund programs, not specifically allocated
Categorical Grants - Federal grants for specific purposes, often with strings attached.
"Commerce" Clause - Inter-State Commerce Clause of the constitution, allows congress to
regulate any trade or commercial (non-goods/trade) related activity that occurs over state lines.
Concurrent Powers - Powers held by both states and federal government- like the ability
to collect taxes
Cooperative Federalism - Cooperation among federal, state, & local governments "marble
cake" federalism
Delegated Powers - Powers specifically given to the federal government by the
constitution
Devolution Revolution - Returning powers to the States that had been given to the federal
government, product of Republican party control of gov't
, Dual Federalism - A system of government in which both the states and the national
government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.
Federalism - System of splitting power between state and federal government
Federalist Papers - Series of essays written by Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay
(using the name "publius") published in NY newspapers and used to convice readers to adopt the
new constitution
Full Faith and Credit Clause - Clause in the Constitution (Article 4, Section 1) requiring
each state to recognize the civil judgments rendered by the courts of the other states and to
accept their public records and acts as valid.
Gibbons v. Ogden - A landmark case decided in 1824 in which the Supreme Court
interpreted very broadly the clause in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution giving Congress
the power to regulate interstate commerce, encompassing virtually every form of commercial
activity.
The Great Compromise - Created Bicameral legislature, compromise between New Jersey
and Virginia plans
Mandate - Requirement from the Federal Gov't to states, can be funded or not
McCulloch v. Maryland - An 1819 Supreme Court decision that established the
supremacy of the national government over state governments. SCOTUS held that Congress had
certain implied powers in addition to the enumerated powers found in the Constitution.
National Supremacy - Federal government decisions are supreme over State
Necessary and Proper Clause - "Elastic Clause" Gives congress the power to pass any
laws "Necessary and Proper" to carrying out it's duties
100% GUARANTEE
Amendment Process - Two Ways: 2/3rds majority in both houses of congress then to
States to ratify, or in constitutional conventions (never been used)
Articles of Confederation - Pre-Constitution, was adopted by the second continental
congress in 1781 during the revolution. Limited because states held most of the power, and
congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control money
Block Grants - Money sent to states to fund programs, not specifically allocated
Categorical Grants - Federal grants for specific purposes, often with strings attached.
"Commerce" Clause - Inter-State Commerce Clause of the constitution, allows congress to
regulate any trade or commercial (non-goods/trade) related activity that occurs over state lines.
Concurrent Powers - Powers held by both states and federal government- like the ability
to collect taxes
Cooperative Federalism - Cooperation among federal, state, & local governments "marble
cake" federalism
Delegated Powers - Powers specifically given to the federal government by the
constitution
Devolution Revolution - Returning powers to the States that had been given to the federal
government, product of Republican party control of gov't
, Dual Federalism - A system of government in which both the states and the national
government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.
Federalism - System of splitting power between state and federal government
Federalist Papers - Series of essays written by Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay
(using the name "publius") published in NY newspapers and used to convice readers to adopt the
new constitution
Full Faith and Credit Clause - Clause in the Constitution (Article 4, Section 1) requiring
each state to recognize the civil judgments rendered by the courts of the other states and to
accept their public records and acts as valid.
Gibbons v. Ogden - A landmark case decided in 1824 in which the Supreme Court
interpreted very broadly the clause in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution giving Congress
the power to regulate interstate commerce, encompassing virtually every form of commercial
activity.
The Great Compromise - Created Bicameral legislature, compromise between New Jersey
and Virginia plans
Mandate - Requirement from the Federal Gov't to states, can be funded or not
McCulloch v. Maryland - An 1819 Supreme Court decision that established the
supremacy of the national government over state governments. SCOTUS held that Congress had
certain implied powers in addition to the enumerated powers found in the Constitution.
National Supremacy - Federal government decisions are supreme over State
Necessary and Proper Clause - "Elastic Clause" Gives congress the power to pass any
laws "Necessary and Proper" to carrying out it's duties
