NURS 5461 Final Exam (Latest 2025/2026 Update) Adult Gerontology | Questions with Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Graded A – UTA.

NURS 5461 Final Exam (Latest 2025/2026
Update) Adult Gerontology | Questions
with Verified Answers | 100% Correct |
Graded A – UTA.

What is the definitive test for sleep apnea
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-I,- I,- Overnight I,-



Polysomnogram


Age Related Pulmonary Changes
I,- I,- I,- I,-I,- I,- • Reduced airway size
I,- I,- I,-




•Shallow alveolar sacs I,- I,-




•Decline in chest wall compliance
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• Intercostal muscle atrophy
I,- I,- I,-




• Reduction in diaphragmatic strength by 25%
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Who or when should you consider silent aspiration
I,- I,- Consider
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-I,- I,- I,-



possibility of silent aspiration, especially in those with frequent
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



pneumonias, neurologic deficits, or residence in extended-care
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facilities


Initial Therapies for Asthma and COPD
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-I,- I,- Asthma: never use I,- I,- I,-



LABA without ICS I,- I,-

,COPD: start treatment with LABA and/or LAMA, without ICS
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What recommendation does GINA make for controllers?
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GINA recommends treatment with low-dose ICS for most
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patients with asthma, even those with infrequent symptoms, to
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reduce the risk of serious exacerbations.
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GINA stepwise approach for Asthma
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-I,- I,- 1. Consider low dose
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ICS, PRN SABA I,- I,-




2. Low dose ICS or LTRA, PRN SABA
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3. Low dose ICS/LABA, PRN SABA or ICS/Formoterol
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4. Med/High dose ICS/LABA, same
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5. Refer to asthma specialist for add on therapy
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Asthma Symptoms are caused by? I,- Symptoms are associated I,- I,- I,- I,-I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



with variable expiratory airflow, i.e. difficulty breathing air out of
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



the lungs due to
I,- I,- I,-




I,- Bronchoconstriction
I,- Airway wall thickening I,- I,- I,-




I,- Increased mucus I,-




Most likely to be asthma if?
I,- More than one type of symptom I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



(wheeze, shortness of breath, cough, chest tightness)
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-

,I,- Symptoms often worse at night or in the early morning
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I,- Symptoms vary over time and in intensity
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Symptoms are triggered by viral infections, exercise, allergen
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exposure, changes in weather, laughter, irritants such as car
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exhaust fumes, smoke, or strong smells
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-




Diagnosis of Asthma An increase in FEV1 of 12% with a
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minimum increase of*200 mL in FEV1* *after bronchodilator*
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establishes the presence of airflow reversibility Best test to rule
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



OUT asthma is a methalcholine challenge...if that is negative, then
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the person does not have asthma
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Document that FEV1/FVC is reduced (at least once, when FEV1 is
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



low)
I,- FEV1/ FVC ratio is normally >0.75 - 0.80 in healthy adults
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-




Assessment of Asthma I,- I,- I,-I,- I,- Asthma control - two domains I,- I,- I,- I,-




I,- Assess symptom control over the last 4 weeks
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Assess risk factors for poor outcomes, including low lung
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



function
Treatment issues I,-




I,- Check inhaler technique and adherence
I,- I,- I,- I,-




I,- Ask about side-effects
I,- I,-

, I,- Does the patient have a written asthma action plan?
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-




I,- What are the patient's attitudes and goals for their asthma?
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-




Comorbidities
Think of rhinosinusitis, GERD, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea,
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



depression, anxiety I,-




I,- These may contribute to symptoms and poor quality of life
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-




When should you measure lung function after asthma diagnosis
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-I,-



3-6 months after starting treatment
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-




What is the most common controller for asthma?
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-I,- I,- AN ICS I,-




Anticholinergics such as tiotropium can help do what? I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-I,- I,-



Bronchodilation by reducing parasympathetic nerve reflexes that I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



cause a reduced airway. MUSCARINIC receptor binding and
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



inhibits acetylcholine I,-




What is a good add on medication for Stage 5 asthmatics with
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



severe allergic asthma?
I,-anti-IgE (omalizumab) I,- I,-I,- I,- I,-




What is a good add on medication for stage 5 asthmatics with
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



eosinophilic asthma anti-IL5 (mepolizumab (SC) or I,- I,-I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



reslizumab (IV) I,-