Midterm Exam: NR565/ NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Care
ASCVD Risk Score - correct answer Used in children aged 9-11 and 19-21, and adults every 5
years after 20, with greater risk for those with diabetes and a risk score >7.5%
Ezetimibe Use - correct answer Can be used in pregnancy/breastfeeding, as monotherapy or
adjunct therapy with a statin or fibrate
Ezetimibe - correct answer Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor that lowers cholesterol levels by
decreasing absorption from the small intestine, without affecting triglycerides
Lifestyle Changes for High Cholesterol - correct answer Non-drug measures to lower LDL,
including diet, exercise, weight control, and smoking cessation
Minimizing Side Effects - correct answer Non-statins like fibrates, ezetimibe, bile acid
sequestrants, or statins for generally well-tolerated side effects
Organic Nitrates Therapeutic Action - correct answer Direct relaxant effect on vascular smooth
muscles, dilation of coronary vessels, reduction of preload and afterload, and promotion of
vasodilation
Ranolazine Contraindications - correct answer Inhibited by CYP3A4 inhibitors, increasing the
risk of torsades de pointes, including grapefruit juice, HIV protease inhibitors, macrolide
antibiotics, azole antifungal drugs, and some CCB
Statin Prescription Age - correct answer Avoid in children under 10
CCB Role in Variant Angina - correct answer Promotes relaxation of coronary artery spasm,
increasing cardiac oxygen supply
HF Worsening Symptoms Medication - correct answer Aldosterone antagonist that promotes
myocardial remodeling and fibrosis to help with symptoms
CCB Stable Angina - correct answer Promotes relaxation of peripheral arterioles, decreasing
afterload and reducing cardiac oxygen demand
Nitro Patches Side Effect Response - correct answer Prescribe a BB to help with increased heart
rate
CYP450 Inhibitors and Reducers - correct answer When not used correctly, they lead to
increased side effects, adverse reactions, and toxicity
Gouty Arthritis Treatment Decision - correct answer In patients with infrequent flareups (less
than three per year), NSAIDs are the first line agent for relieving pain
Gouty Arthritis NSAID Ineffectiveness - correct answer Prescribe a glucocorticoid (prednisone)
or make dietary changes
, Colchicine Long Term Treatment - correct answer Considered for long term treatment if a
person has three or more gouty attacks per year
Colchicine Contraindications - correct answer Should not be taken with statins or CYP3A4
inhibitors
Colchicine Adverse Effects - correct answer Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, myelosuppression,
myopathy, and rhabdomyolysis
Allopurinol Long Term Effect - correct answer Can lead to severe cutaneous adverse reaction
(SCAR) with symptoms like rash, fever, eosinophilia, and liver and kidney function issues
Febuxostat Co-Administration - correct answer Should be co-administered with NSAIDs or
colchicine
Untreated Gout Complications - correct answer Erosion and irreversible joint damage, renal
damage, and tophi formation
Alendronate Patient Education - correct answer Minimize risk of esophagitis by swallowing the
pill whole with a full glass of water, then sitting up for at least 30 min, and taking the med 30
min prior to other intake
Ibandronate Dietary Supplement Interference - correct answer Interferes with calcium,
magnesium, and iron absorption
Osteoporosis 1st Line Treatment - correct answer Alendronate is the first line treatment
Allopurinol Safety in Renal Dysfunction - correct answer Safe to use in patients with renal
dysfunction or who over produce uric acid
DMARDs Baseline Diagnostics - correct answer Includes CBC with WBC differential, s/s of
infection, malignancies, pregnancy rule out, ALT, AST, serum creatinine, comprehensive history
and physical exam, and assessment of immunocompetence and liver and renal status
Methotrexate Baseline Data - correct answer Includes chest x-ray with emphasis on pulmonary
and GI status
DMARD Requiring Ophthalmologic and Cardiac Exam - correct answer Hydroxychloroquine
Raloxifene Black Box Warning - correct answer Risk for venous thromboembolic events (DVT,
PE, stroke)
Controlled Substance Addiction Predictors - correct answer Reinforcing properties of drugs,
physical and physiological dependence, social factors, drug availability, individual vulnerability,
impulsivity, low tolerance for frustration, and specific personality disorders
ASCVD Risk Score - correct answer Used in children aged 9-11 and 19-21, and adults every 5
years after 20, with greater risk for those with diabetes and a risk score >7.5%
Ezetimibe Use - correct answer Can be used in pregnancy/breastfeeding, as monotherapy or
adjunct therapy with a statin or fibrate
Ezetimibe - correct answer Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor that lowers cholesterol levels by
decreasing absorption from the small intestine, without affecting triglycerides
Lifestyle Changes for High Cholesterol - correct answer Non-drug measures to lower LDL,
including diet, exercise, weight control, and smoking cessation
Minimizing Side Effects - correct answer Non-statins like fibrates, ezetimibe, bile acid
sequestrants, or statins for generally well-tolerated side effects
Organic Nitrates Therapeutic Action - correct answer Direct relaxant effect on vascular smooth
muscles, dilation of coronary vessels, reduction of preload and afterload, and promotion of
vasodilation
Ranolazine Contraindications - correct answer Inhibited by CYP3A4 inhibitors, increasing the
risk of torsades de pointes, including grapefruit juice, HIV protease inhibitors, macrolide
antibiotics, azole antifungal drugs, and some CCB
Statin Prescription Age - correct answer Avoid in children under 10
CCB Role in Variant Angina - correct answer Promotes relaxation of coronary artery spasm,
increasing cardiac oxygen supply
HF Worsening Symptoms Medication - correct answer Aldosterone antagonist that promotes
myocardial remodeling and fibrosis to help with symptoms
CCB Stable Angina - correct answer Promotes relaxation of peripheral arterioles, decreasing
afterload and reducing cardiac oxygen demand
Nitro Patches Side Effect Response - correct answer Prescribe a BB to help with increased heart
rate
CYP450 Inhibitors and Reducers - correct answer When not used correctly, they lead to
increased side effects, adverse reactions, and toxicity
Gouty Arthritis Treatment Decision - correct answer In patients with infrequent flareups (less
than three per year), NSAIDs are the first line agent for relieving pain
Gouty Arthritis NSAID Ineffectiveness - correct answer Prescribe a glucocorticoid (prednisone)
or make dietary changes
, Colchicine Long Term Treatment - correct answer Considered for long term treatment if a
person has three or more gouty attacks per year
Colchicine Contraindications - correct answer Should not be taken with statins or CYP3A4
inhibitors
Colchicine Adverse Effects - correct answer Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, myelosuppression,
myopathy, and rhabdomyolysis
Allopurinol Long Term Effect - correct answer Can lead to severe cutaneous adverse reaction
(SCAR) with symptoms like rash, fever, eosinophilia, and liver and kidney function issues
Febuxostat Co-Administration - correct answer Should be co-administered with NSAIDs or
colchicine
Untreated Gout Complications - correct answer Erosion and irreversible joint damage, renal
damage, and tophi formation
Alendronate Patient Education - correct answer Minimize risk of esophagitis by swallowing the
pill whole with a full glass of water, then sitting up for at least 30 min, and taking the med 30
min prior to other intake
Ibandronate Dietary Supplement Interference - correct answer Interferes with calcium,
magnesium, and iron absorption
Osteoporosis 1st Line Treatment - correct answer Alendronate is the first line treatment
Allopurinol Safety in Renal Dysfunction - correct answer Safe to use in patients with renal
dysfunction or who over produce uric acid
DMARDs Baseline Diagnostics - correct answer Includes CBC with WBC differential, s/s of
infection, malignancies, pregnancy rule out, ALT, AST, serum creatinine, comprehensive history
and physical exam, and assessment of immunocompetence and liver and renal status
Methotrexate Baseline Data - correct answer Includes chest x-ray with emphasis on pulmonary
and GI status
DMARD Requiring Ophthalmologic and Cardiac Exam - correct answer Hydroxychloroquine
Raloxifene Black Box Warning - correct answer Risk for venous thromboembolic events (DVT,
PE, stroke)
Controlled Substance Addiction Predictors - correct answer Reinforcing properties of drugs,
physical and physiological dependence, social factors, drug availability, individual vulnerability,
impulsivity, low tolerance for frustration, and specific personality disorders
