Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2 with Multiple Choice
Questions and Verified Answers 100% | A+ Graded
Overview of the Blood - CORRECT ANSWER -•Blood
•5000ml
•Plasma
•3000ml
Hematocrit defined - CORRECT ANSWER -- % of RBCs
[higher value = higher viscosity = thicker blood)
- Example: Polycythemia may have Hct of 60-70%
Types of Blood Cells
- Erythrocytes [RBCs) - CORRECT ANSWER -- Transport O2
- Small disc shape
- Lifespan = 120 days
- Carry Hgb [ferrous oxide, also an acid/base buffer)
- Made in the bone marrow - Iliac crest for sample in leukemia
[after age 20 in the vertebrae, sternum, ribs, iliac)
- Hgb Levels: 14-16g/dL in males / 12-14g/dl females
Cytic vs Chromic - CORRECT ANSWER -Cytic = Size of RBCs
Chromic = Amount of Hgb
MCV and MCHC - CORRECT ANSWER -MCV: Mean corpuscular volume - [average size rbc]
,MCHC: normal Mean corpuscular Hgb concentration - [average amount of hemoglobin in the
RBCs compared to the average size of the RBCs. The amount of hemoglobin that was there
Morphology Size or Erythrocyte Volume Cytic Values - CORRECT ANSWER -- Normocytic: Normal
RBC size
[MCV = 83-99)
- Microcytic: Small RBC size
[MCV = 50-82)
- Macrocytic: Large RBC size
[MCV is > 100)
Chromic Values
[Hgb content) - CORRECT ANSWER -- Normochromic: Normal amount of Hgb [MCHC -Average
amount of hemoglobin in the RBCs compared to the average size of the RBCs.
[MCHC = 32-36)
- Hypochromic: Low amount of Hgb
[MCHC is < 32)
- Hyperchromic: Increased amount of Hgb
[MCHC is > 36)
Leukocytes
[WBCs) - CORRECT ANSWER -- Defend the body against foreign proteins
- Made in the bone marrow
- 9,000/mm^3
- CBC w/ Diff shows: Leukocytes broken down into:
Neutrophils, Basophils, PMNs [polymorphonulcear), Bands
,Bands L- L{Infective Lprocess L- LCORRECT LANSWER L--Immature LLeukocytes
- Indicate Lan Linfective Lprocess
- Increase Lin Lbands L= L12 Lto L20 Lor Lmore L= Lshift Lto Lthe Lleft Lindicating La Lbacterial Linfection
- If Lbands Lare Lnot Lincreased Lit Lis La Lshift Lto Lthe Lright Land La Lviral Linfection
Alterations Lof LLeukocytes
Quantitative:
1. Bone Lmarrow Ldysfunction
2. Premature Ldestruction Lof Lcells
a. LMay Loriginate Lin Llymphoid Lorgans Lsecondary Lto Linfectious Lprocess L- LCORRECT LANSWER L-
LLeukocytosis Lequals Lincrease LWBC's
Leukopenia LEquals Ldecreased Lwbc's
Types Lof LLeukocytes:
- Granular L- LCORRECT LANSWER L-- LCategorized Laccording Lto Lthe Lpresence Lor Labsence Lof
Lgranules Lin Lthe Lcell Lcytoplasm
- *Granular LLeukocytes*:
- PMNs L- LPolymorphonuclear Lleukocytes[2 Lor Lmore Llobes Lto Lthe Lgranular Lsite)
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils L- LAllergic Lreaction Lor Lparasites
- Basophils
Types Lof LLeukocytes:
- Non-granular L- LCORRECT LANSWER L-*Non-granular* LLeukocytes L:
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
, - platelets Lor Lthrombocytes
WBC LMorphology/Fx
[Shape Land Lfunction] L- LCORRECT LANSWER L-- LTotal LWBC Lcount Lincreases Lwith Linfection
- As L% Lof L1 Lincreases, Lthe L%s Lof Lthe Lothers Lwill
Ldecrease L[shift Lin L%) L= LShift Lto Lthe Lleft Lor Lshift Lto
Lthe Lright
- Bands L= Limmature Lneutrophils Laka
Lstabs L[German Lfor Lrods Ldue Lto
Lshape)
WBC LMorphology/Fx L- LCORRECT LANSWER L-- LBands Lbeing Limmature Lwith Linfection Lthere Lis
Lan Lincrease Lin Lproduction
= Lshift Lto Lthe Lleft
- Neutrophils L= Lsegs Lor Lpolys L= Lmature Lpolymorphonuclearcytes Land Lsegmented
WBC's Land Lbands L- LCORRECT LANSWER L-Should Ltell Lyou Lright Laway Lthat Lwhen Lyou Lhave
Lan Linfection Land Lthe LWBCs Lare Lcalled Lon Lto Lreplicate Land Lattend Lto Lthis Linfection, Lthat
Lthe Lfaster Lthey Ldo Lit Lthe Lmore Limmature Lcells Lthey Lhave Lso Lthe Lmore Lbands Lproduced.
How Lto Ltell Lif Lan Linfection Lis Lviral Lor Lbacterial?
- If Lthere Lis La Lshift Lto Lthe Lleft L[increase Lin Lbands) Lit Lis Lbacterial L- LCORRECT LANSWER L-- LThis Lis
because Lof Lthe Lway Lthe Ldifferential Lused Lto Lbe Ldisplayed L[Shift Lto Lthe Lleft Lthen Lyou Lwould Lsee
Lthe LWBCs Lgoing Lup, Lthe Lbands Lgoing Lup, Lthe Lneutrophils Lor Lsegs Lrising Las Lwell Land Lthe
Lother
percentages Lgoing Ldown L[lymphocytes Land Lmonocytes Lin Lparticular]
Questions and Verified Answers 100% | A+ Graded
Overview of the Blood - CORRECT ANSWER -•Blood
•5000ml
•Plasma
•3000ml
Hematocrit defined - CORRECT ANSWER -- % of RBCs
[higher value = higher viscosity = thicker blood)
- Example: Polycythemia may have Hct of 60-70%
Types of Blood Cells
- Erythrocytes [RBCs) - CORRECT ANSWER -- Transport O2
- Small disc shape
- Lifespan = 120 days
- Carry Hgb [ferrous oxide, also an acid/base buffer)
- Made in the bone marrow - Iliac crest for sample in leukemia
[after age 20 in the vertebrae, sternum, ribs, iliac)
- Hgb Levels: 14-16g/dL in males / 12-14g/dl females
Cytic vs Chromic - CORRECT ANSWER -Cytic = Size of RBCs
Chromic = Amount of Hgb
MCV and MCHC - CORRECT ANSWER -MCV: Mean corpuscular volume - [average size rbc]
,MCHC: normal Mean corpuscular Hgb concentration - [average amount of hemoglobin in the
RBCs compared to the average size of the RBCs. The amount of hemoglobin that was there
Morphology Size or Erythrocyte Volume Cytic Values - CORRECT ANSWER -- Normocytic: Normal
RBC size
[MCV = 83-99)
- Microcytic: Small RBC size
[MCV = 50-82)
- Macrocytic: Large RBC size
[MCV is > 100)
Chromic Values
[Hgb content) - CORRECT ANSWER -- Normochromic: Normal amount of Hgb [MCHC -Average
amount of hemoglobin in the RBCs compared to the average size of the RBCs.
[MCHC = 32-36)
- Hypochromic: Low amount of Hgb
[MCHC is < 32)
- Hyperchromic: Increased amount of Hgb
[MCHC is > 36)
Leukocytes
[WBCs) - CORRECT ANSWER -- Defend the body against foreign proteins
- Made in the bone marrow
- 9,000/mm^3
- CBC w/ Diff shows: Leukocytes broken down into:
Neutrophils, Basophils, PMNs [polymorphonulcear), Bands
,Bands L- L{Infective Lprocess L- LCORRECT LANSWER L--Immature LLeukocytes
- Indicate Lan Linfective Lprocess
- Increase Lin Lbands L= L12 Lto L20 Lor Lmore L= Lshift Lto Lthe Lleft Lindicating La Lbacterial Linfection
- If Lbands Lare Lnot Lincreased Lit Lis La Lshift Lto Lthe Lright Land La Lviral Linfection
Alterations Lof LLeukocytes
Quantitative:
1. Bone Lmarrow Ldysfunction
2. Premature Ldestruction Lof Lcells
a. LMay Loriginate Lin Llymphoid Lorgans Lsecondary Lto Linfectious Lprocess L- LCORRECT LANSWER L-
LLeukocytosis Lequals Lincrease LWBC's
Leukopenia LEquals Ldecreased Lwbc's
Types Lof LLeukocytes:
- Granular L- LCORRECT LANSWER L-- LCategorized Laccording Lto Lthe Lpresence Lor Labsence Lof
Lgranules Lin Lthe Lcell Lcytoplasm
- *Granular LLeukocytes*:
- PMNs L- LPolymorphonuclear Lleukocytes[2 Lor Lmore Llobes Lto Lthe Lgranular Lsite)
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils L- LAllergic Lreaction Lor Lparasites
- Basophils
Types Lof LLeukocytes:
- Non-granular L- LCORRECT LANSWER L-*Non-granular* LLeukocytes L:
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
, - platelets Lor Lthrombocytes
WBC LMorphology/Fx
[Shape Land Lfunction] L- LCORRECT LANSWER L-- LTotal LWBC Lcount Lincreases Lwith Linfection
- As L% Lof L1 Lincreases, Lthe L%s Lof Lthe Lothers Lwill
Ldecrease L[shift Lin L%) L= LShift Lto Lthe Lleft Lor Lshift Lto
Lthe Lright
- Bands L= Limmature Lneutrophils Laka
Lstabs L[German Lfor Lrods Ldue Lto
Lshape)
WBC LMorphology/Fx L- LCORRECT LANSWER L-- LBands Lbeing Limmature Lwith Linfection Lthere Lis
Lan Lincrease Lin Lproduction
= Lshift Lto Lthe Lleft
- Neutrophils L= Lsegs Lor Lpolys L= Lmature Lpolymorphonuclearcytes Land Lsegmented
WBC's Land Lbands L- LCORRECT LANSWER L-Should Ltell Lyou Lright Laway Lthat Lwhen Lyou Lhave
Lan Linfection Land Lthe LWBCs Lare Lcalled Lon Lto Lreplicate Land Lattend Lto Lthis Linfection, Lthat
Lthe Lfaster Lthey Ldo Lit Lthe Lmore Limmature Lcells Lthey Lhave Lso Lthe Lmore Lbands Lproduced.
How Lto Ltell Lif Lan Linfection Lis Lviral Lor Lbacterial?
- If Lthere Lis La Lshift Lto Lthe Lleft L[increase Lin Lbands) Lit Lis Lbacterial L- LCORRECT LANSWER L-- LThis Lis
because Lof Lthe Lway Lthe Ldifferential Lused Lto Lbe Ldisplayed L[Shift Lto Lthe Lleft Lthen Lyou Lwould Lsee
Lthe LWBCs Lgoing Lup, Lthe Lbands Lgoing Lup, Lthe Lneutrophils Lor Lsegs Lrising Las Lwell Land Lthe
Lother
percentages Lgoing Ldown L[lymphocytes Land Lmonocytes Lin Lparticular]
