PNCB Actual Exam Newest 2025/2026 Complete
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/. What is the developmental stage and age range defined as experiencing the world
through senses and actions? - Answer-Piaget's Sensorimotor, Birth to 2 years
/.What is the developmental stage and age range defined as representing things with
words and images? - Answer-Piaget's Preoperational, 2 to 6 years old
/.What is the developmental stage and age range defined as thinking logically about
concrete events and grasping concrete analogies? - Answer-Piaget's Concrete
Operational, 7 to 11 years old
/.What is the developmental stage and age range defined as thinking about hypothetical
scenarios and processing abstract thoughts? - Answer-Piaget's Formal Operational, 12
to adulthood
/.What age range is Piaget's Formal Operational? - Answer-12 to adulthood
/.What age range is Piaget's Concrete Operational? - Answer-7 to 11 years old
/.What age range is Piaget's Preoperational? - Answer-2 to 6 years old
/.What age range is Piaget's Sensorimotor? - Answer-Birth to 2 years old
/.Describe independent play - Answer-Common in ages 2-3
They are uninterested in or is unaware of what others are doing.
They are playing alone and maintains focus on its activity.
/.What stage of play is defined by playing alone and uninterested in or unaware of what
others are doing? - Answer-Independent play
/.Describe Parallel Play - Answer-Children play adjacent to each other, but don't
influence each other's play.
They are interested in what other children are playing, but plays alone.
Ages 2-3, but can start after 1st birthday
/.What stage of play is defined as interested in another's activity but playing along side
them without influencing or interacting with them? - Answer-Parallel play
,/.What differentiates Parallel play vs Associative play? - Answer-Interaction. There is
interaction with associative play, not with Parallel play. In Associative, there is interest
but no coordinated activity.
/.What type of head trauma is typically associated with vacuum deliveries? - Answer-
Subgaleal hemorrhage - ruptured emissary vein caused by fragmentation of the parietal
bone associated with skull fracture. Can extend to the neck and orbits. May have
crepitus, fluid waves and ill-defined borders
/.A quad screen expected result for a child with down syndrome would read? - Answer-
Low levels of AFP
/.What AFP level would you expect in a child with esophageal atresia? - Answer-High
/.An 8 month old infant presents with significant head lag, what are you suspicious of? -
Answer-Cerebral Palsy
/.When is an infant expected to double it's birth weight by? - Answer-5 months?
/.When is an infant expected to triple it's birth weight by? - Answer-1 year
/.Pregnant Greeks and pregnant woman living in higher elevations should have their
newborns followed for? - Answer-higher risk of hyperbilirubinemia
/.An indirect bili measures conjugated or unconjugated bili? - Answer-unconjugated
/.An infant presents with elevated total bili, what should you suspect? - Answer-biliary
atresia
/.An infant assessment finds a cephalohematoma on exam, what should you monitor
the child for? - Answer-hyperbilirubinemia
/.Which patient population has highest risk for hyperbilirubinemia? Asians, African
Americans, Greeks? - Answer-Asians and American indians have highest risk. African
americans with G6PD deficiency are at greater risk, as is Greeks and people who live in
higher elevations.
/.A pregnant mother positive HIV presents to the hospital in labor, intact membranes at
38 weeks with an unknown viral load. She has had 3 ARV. What is the treatment plan? -
Answer-Patient with a viral load or unknown viral load, despite receiving 3 ARV, should
have a c-section.
/.What recurrent infection is commonly associated with HIV? - Answer-oral thrush
, /.What is the treatment for Chlamydia Trachomatis conjuntivitis? - Answer-Oral
Azithromycin is preferred (20mg/kg/day in 1 dose) for 3 days or 40mg/kg/day in 4
divided doses for 14 days of erythromycin - eye drops do NOT work
/.What is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the US? - Answer-
Chylamdia Trachomatis
/.What is the treatment for Gonorrheoeae Conjuntivitis? - Answer-IV antibiotics -
ceftriaxone 25-50mg/kg IV or IM in a single dose. Infant must be evaluated for
disseminated disease
/.What is the gold standard for testing of Chlamydia Trachomatis? - Answer-Culture
/.What medication(s) are associated with increased risk for pyloric stenosis? - Answer-
Erythromycin and Azithromycin
/.A 3-day old neonate presents with conjunctivitis, what are you suspicious of? -
Answer-Gonococcal opthalmia
/.If an infant presents with Gonorrheoeae Conjunctivitis and also has hyperbilirubinemia,
what antibiotic should be employed? - Answer-Cefotaxime
/.What contraception method increases your risk for ectopic pregnancy? - Answer-An
IUD and progestin only contraceptive
/.Which method is most efficient in detecting HCG levels for diagnosis of pregnancy? -
Answer-Serum is detectable in 48 hours post conception
/.What is Goodell's sign? - Answer-Indication of pregnancy where there is significant
softening of the vaginal portion of the cervix
/.What is Hegar's sign? - Answer-Softening of the cervical isthmus present in second
and third months of pregnancy
/.Which type of eating disorder has arrhythmias as a cardiac finding? - Answer-Bulimia
Nervosa
/.Which type of eating disorder has an increase in carotene as a side effect? - Answer-
Anorexia Nervosa
/.Which eating disorder has enlarged parotid gland finding on physical exam? - Answer-
Bulimia Nervos
/.Which disease causes an elevated WBC count with lymphocytosis (shift to the right)? -
Answer-Pertussis
Questions And Correct Detailed Answers |Already
Graded A+||Already Graded A+
/. What is the developmental stage and age range defined as experiencing the world
through senses and actions? - Answer-Piaget's Sensorimotor, Birth to 2 years
/.What is the developmental stage and age range defined as representing things with
words and images? - Answer-Piaget's Preoperational, 2 to 6 years old
/.What is the developmental stage and age range defined as thinking logically about
concrete events and grasping concrete analogies? - Answer-Piaget's Concrete
Operational, 7 to 11 years old
/.What is the developmental stage and age range defined as thinking about hypothetical
scenarios and processing abstract thoughts? - Answer-Piaget's Formal Operational, 12
to adulthood
/.What age range is Piaget's Formal Operational? - Answer-12 to adulthood
/.What age range is Piaget's Concrete Operational? - Answer-7 to 11 years old
/.What age range is Piaget's Preoperational? - Answer-2 to 6 years old
/.What age range is Piaget's Sensorimotor? - Answer-Birth to 2 years old
/.Describe independent play - Answer-Common in ages 2-3
They are uninterested in or is unaware of what others are doing.
They are playing alone and maintains focus on its activity.
/.What stage of play is defined by playing alone and uninterested in or unaware of what
others are doing? - Answer-Independent play
/.Describe Parallel Play - Answer-Children play adjacent to each other, but don't
influence each other's play.
They are interested in what other children are playing, but plays alone.
Ages 2-3, but can start after 1st birthday
/.What stage of play is defined as interested in another's activity but playing along side
them without influencing or interacting with them? - Answer-Parallel play
,/.What differentiates Parallel play vs Associative play? - Answer-Interaction. There is
interaction with associative play, not with Parallel play. In Associative, there is interest
but no coordinated activity.
/.What type of head trauma is typically associated with vacuum deliveries? - Answer-
Subgaleal hemorrhage - ruptured emissary vein caused by fragmentation of the parietal
bone associated with skull fracture. Can extend to the neck and orbits. May have
crepitus, fluid waves and ill-defined borders
/.A quad screen expected result for a child with down syndrome would read? - Answer-
Low levels of AFP
/.What AFP level would you expect in a child with esophageal atresia? - Answer-High
/.An 8 month old infant presents with significant head lag, what are you suspicious of? -
Answer-Cerebral Palsy
/.When is an infant expected to double it's birth weight by? - Answer-5 months?
/.When is an infant expected to triple it's birth weight by? - Answer-1 year
/.Pregnant Greeks and pregnant woman living in higher elevations should have their
newborns followed for? - Answer-higher risk of hyperbilirubinemia
/.An indirect bili measures conjugated or unconjugated bili? - Answer-unconjugated
/.An infant presents with elevated total bili, what should you suspect? - Answer-biliary
atresia
/.An infant assessment finds a cephalohematoma on exam, what should you monitor
the child for? - Answer-hyperbilirubinemia
/.Which patient population has highest risk for hyperbilirubinemia? Asians, African
Americans, Greeks? - Answer-Asians and American indians have highest risk. African
americans with G6PD deficiency are at greater risk, as is Greeks and people who live in
higher elevations.
/.A pregnant mother positive HIV presents to the hospital in labor, intact membranes at
38 weeks with an unknown viral load. She has had 3 ARV. What is the treatment plan? -
Answer-Patient with a viral load or unknown viral load, despite receiving 3 ARV, should
have a c-section.
/.What recurrent infection is commonly associated with HIV? - Answer-oral thrush
, /.What is the treatment for Chlamydia Trachomatis conjuntivitis? - Answer-Oral
Azithromycin is preferred (20mg/kg/day in 1 dose) for 3 days or 40mg/kg/day in 4
divided doses for 14 days of erythromycin - eye drops do NOT work
/.What is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the US? - Answer-
Chylamdia Trachomatis
/.What is the treatment for Gonorrheoeae Conjuntivitis? - Answer-IV antibiotics -
ceftriaxone 25-50mg/kg IV or IM in a single dose. Infant must be evaluated for
disseminated disease
/.What is the gold standard for testing of Chlamydia Trachomatis? - Answer-Culture
/.What medication(s) are associated with increased risk for pyloric stenosis? - Answer-
Erythromycin and Azithromycin
/.A 3-day old neonate presents with conjunctivitis, what are you suspicious of? -
Answer-Gonococcal opthalmia
/.If an infant presents with Gonorrheoeae Conjunctivitis and also has hyperbilirubinemia,
what antibiotic should be employed? - Answer-Cefotaxime
/.What contraception method increases your risk for ectopic pregnancy? - Answer-An
IUD and progestin only contraceptive
/.Which method is most efficient in detecting HCG levels for diagnosis of pregnancy? -
Answer-Serum is detectable in 48 hours post conception
/.What is Goodell's sign? - Answer-Indication of pregnancy where there is significant
softening of the vaginal portion of the cervix
/.What is Hegar's sign? - Answer-Softening of the cervical isthmus present in second
and third months of pregnancy
/.Which type of eating disorder has arrhythmias as a cardiac finding? - Answer-Bulimia
Nervosa
/.Which type of eating disorder has an increase in carotene as a side effect? - Answer-
Anorexia Nervosa
/.Which eating disorder has enlarged parotid gland finding on physical exam? - Answer-
Bulimia Nervos
/.Which disease causes an elevated WBC count with lymphocytosis (shift to the right)? -
Answer-Pertussis
