ANA 209 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE EXAM UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
three types of muscle - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅smooth, cardiac, skeletal
skeletal muscle - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-muscle that consists of striated (striped appearance) cell called
muscle fibers or myofibers.
-Striation is the result of overlapped arrangement of proteins.
-Produces voluntary movement by attaching to bone.
cardiac muscle - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-muscle that is found in the walls of the heart
-responsible for heart's contraction
-striated
-INvoluntary
-cells are called myocytes, cardiomyocytes, or cardiocytes.
-short, thick cardiocytes connected to each other through electrical and mechanical junctions at their
intercalated discs
-highly resistant to fatigue (abundance of myoglobin, glycogen, and large mitochondria)
smooth muscle - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-contractile proteins are not arranged in the same way as in
other muscle types
-myofilaments are not regularly aligned with each other, so NO striations
-calcium needed to activate contraction
-cells are capable of mitosis; have one nucleus
-cells are called myocytes and they are short and fusiform; tapered at ends
-INvoluntary
-contracts and relaxes slowly
-very fatigue-resistant
Functions of muscular tissue - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-movement (body parts, contents;
communication)
-stability (maintain posture, resist pull of gravity)
,-control of body openings and passages
-heat production (up to 85% of body heart; maintains homeostasis)
-glycemic control (regulate blood glucose; absorb, store and use glucose)
Properties of muscle that enable them to carry out their functions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-excitability
(react to stimuli)
-conductivity (move stimulation through muscle cell)
-contractility (shorten when stimulated)
-extensibility (stretch without harm)
-elasticity (can recoil from stretch)
innervation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅describes which nerve stimulates the muscle
frontalis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅facial muscle that elevates eyebrows and skin of forehead
occipitalis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅retracts and tenses the scalp
galea aponeurotica - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅connects the frontalis and occipitalis; also known as the
occipitofrontalis
orbicularis oculi - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅facial muscle that closes eye
orbicularis oris - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅facial muscle that closes lips
zygomaticus major and minor - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅raise corners of mouth for smile
risorius - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅facial muscles that expresses horror
depressor anguli oris - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅depresses the corner of the mouth
, tongue - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅muscle for chewing and speech (intrinsic muscles); extrinsic muscles
connect it to the rest of the head
genioglossus - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅protrudes tongue or moves it to one side if used unilaterally
hyoglossus - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅depresses tongue
styloglossus - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅pulls tongue back and up
muscles that move the mandible - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral
pterygoid
suprahyoid group - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅muscles superior to the hyoid: digastric, geniohyoid,
mylohyoid, and stylohyoid
digastric - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅muscle superior to the hyoid that depresses the mandible
infrahyoid group - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅muscles that fix the hyoid from below, act on the larynx, and
help prevent choking (omohyoid, sternohyoid, and sternothyroid)
sternohyoid - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅muscle of the infrahyoid group that depresses the hyoid
sternothyroid - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅muscle of the infrahyoid group that depresses the larynx
cranial bones - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅place where the muscles that move the head insert on
sternocleidomastoid - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the prime mover in neck flexion
three types of muscle - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅smooth, cardiac, skeletal
skeletal muscle - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-muscle that consists of striated (striped appearance) cell called
muscle fibers or myofibers.
-Striation is the result of overlapped arrangement of proteins.
-Produces voluntary movement by attaching to bone.
cardiac muscle - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-muscle that is found in the walls of the heart
-responsible for heart's contraction
-striated
-INvoluntary
-cells are called myocytes, cardiomyocytes, or cardiocytes.
-short, thick cardiocytes connected to each other through electrical and mechanical junctions at their
intercalated discs
-highly resistant to fatigue (abundance of myoglobin, glycogen, and large mitochondria)
smooth muscle - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-contractile proteins are not arranged in the same way as in
other muscle types
-myofilaments are not regularly aligned with each other, so NO striations
-calcium needed to activate contraction
-cells are capable of mitosis; have one nucleus
-cells are called myocytes and they are short and fusiform; tapered at ends
-INvoluntary
-contracts and relaxes slowly
-very fatigue-resistant
Functions of muscular tissue - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-movement (body parts, contents;
communication)
-stability (maintain posture, resist pull of gravity)
,-control of body openings and passages
-heat production (up to 85% of body heart; maintains homeostasis)
-glycemic control (regulate blood glucose; absorb, store and use glucose)
Properties of muscle that enable them to carry out their functions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-excitability
(react to stimuli)
-conductivity (move stimulation through muscle cell)
-contractility (shorten when stimulated)
-extensibility (stretch without harm)
-elasticity (can recoil from stretch)
innervation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅describes which nerve stimulates the muscle
frontalis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅facial muscle that elevates eyebrows and skin of forehead
occipitalis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅retracts and tenses the scalp
galea aponeurotica - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅connects the frontalis and occipitalis; also known as the
occipitofrontalis
orbicularis oculi - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅facial muscle that closes eye
orbicularis oris - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅facial muscle that closes lips
zygomaticus major and minor - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅raise corners of mouth for smile
risorius - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅facial muscles that expresses horror
depressor anguli oris - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅depresses the corner of the mouth
, tongue - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅muscle for chewing and speech (intrinsic muscles); extrinsic muscles
connect it to the rest of the head
genioglossus - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅protrudes tongue or moves it to one side if used unilaterally
hyoglossus - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅depresses tongue
styloglossus - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅pulls tongue back and up
muscles that move the mandible - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral
pterygoid
suprahyoid group - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅muscles superior to the hyoid: digastric, geniohyoid,
mylohyoid, and stylohyoid
digastric - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅muscle superior to the hyoid that depresses the mandible
infrahyoid group - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅muscles that fix the hyoid from below, act on the larynx, and
help prevent choking (omohyoid, sternohyoid, and sternothyroid)
sternohyoid - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅muscle of the infrahyoid group that depresses the hyoid
sternothyroid - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅muscle of the infrahyoid group that depresses the larynx
cranial bones - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅place where the muscles that move the head insert on
sternocleidomastoid - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the prime mover in neck flexion
