COGSCI 115 MIDTERM UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
single cell recording - CORRECT ANSWER function
microelectrode is placed close to individual neuron to record discharge of action potentials in the
cell
used to identify neurons that respond to particular stimuli
ex: mirror neurons fire when monkey grasps food and when the money observes experimenter
grabbing food
electroencephalogram (EEG) - CORRECT ANSWER function
multiple electrodes attached to skull and wired up to computer
amplified recording of waves of electrical activity that sweep across brain's surface
measure event-related potentials (ERPs) - provoked by specific stimulus
good temporal precision, poor spatial resolution
most widespread and least expensive technique for studying electrical activity of a large
population of neurons
gamma wave (EEG) - CORRECT ANSWER high frequency waves
,signals active exchange of information between cortical and other areas of the brain
seen in conscious state or REM
beta wave (EEG) - CORRECT ANSWER irregular, low amplitude waves
evident in frontal and usually seen on both sides of brain in symmetrical distribution
state of arousal or alertness
alpha wave (EEG) - CORRECT ANSWER synchronous waves (7.5 - 13 Hz)
relaxed, awake state
theta wave (EEG) - CORRECT ANSWER synchronous waves (3.5 - 7.5 Hz)
between sleep and wakefulness
associated with meditation, hynagogic state, creativity, memory retrieval
delta wave (EEG) - CORRECT ANSWER low frequency, high amplitude waves
during deepest stages of sleep and loss of consciousness (ex: coma)
quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) - CORRECT ANSWER function
new variant of EEG using computer algorithms
,EEG converted into brain maps
magnetoencephalography (MEG) - CORRECT ANSWER function
a lot of magnetically sensitive sensors are placed on scalp
measures magnetic fields created by brain's electrical activity
finer spatial resolution than EEG
CT/computed tomography/CAT scan - CORRECT ANSWER structure
series of x ray photos taken from different angles, then combined into picture of slice through
brain or body
PET/positron emission tomography scan - CORRECT ANSWER function
display of brain activity that shows where a radioactive form of glucose goes when the brain
performs a task
MRI/magnetic resonance imaging - CORRECT ANSWER structure
uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish
among different types of soft tissue
helps see structures within the brain
fMRI/functional magnetic resonance imaging - CORRECT ANSWER function
, measures level of activity in different parts of the brain
better than PET
very sensitive + easily skewed
measures BOLD: difference between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood flow to the brain
1990s: event related fMRI able to measure the BOLD signal
associated with individual rapidly occurring neural events
- parahippocampus + right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex correlated with levels of memory
performance for individual events
VBM/voxel based morphometry - CORRECT ANSWER structure
uses MRI scans to reveal differences between groups' regional brain volume and tissue
concentration
- posterior hippocampi of London taxicab drivers larger than control
DTI/diffusion tensor imaging + FA/fractional anisotropy - CORRECT
ANSWER structure?
DA
type of MRI
sensitive to the hindrance of water diffusion
measures white matter tracts in brain, axon density
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
single cell recording - CORRECT ANSWER function
microelectrode is placed close to individual neuron to record discharge of action potentials in the
cell
used to identify neurons that respond to particular stimuli
ex: mirror neurons fire when monkey grasps food and when the money observes experimenter
grabbing food
electroencephalogram (EEG) - CORRECT ANSWER function
multiple electrodes attached to skull and wired up to computer
amplified recording of waves of electrical activity that sweep across brain's surface
measure event-related potentials (ERPs) - provoked by specific stimulus
good temporal precision, poor spatial resolution
most widespread and least expensive technique for studying electrical activity of a large
population of neurons
gamma wave (EEG) - CORRECT ANSWER high frequency waves
,signals active exchange of information between cortical and other areas of the brain
seen in conscious state or REM
beta wave (EEG) - CORRECT ANSWER irregular, low amplitude waves
evident in frontal and usually seen on both sides of brain in symmetrical distribution
state of arousal or alertness
alpha wave (EEG) - CORRECT ANSWER synchronous waves (7.5 - 13 Hz)
relaxed, awake state
theta wave (EEG) - CORRECT ANSWER synchronous waves (3.5 - 7.5 Hz)
between sleep and wakefulness
associated with meditation, hynagogic state, creativity, memory retrieval
delta wave (EEG) - CORRECT ANSWER low frequency, high amplitude waves
during deepest stages of sleep and loss of consciousness (ex: coma)
quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) - CORRECT ANSWER function
new variant of EEG using computer algorithms
,EEG converted into brain maps
magnetoencephalography (MEG) - CORRECT ANSWER function
a lot of magnetically sensitive sensors are placed on scalp
measures magnetic fields created by brain's electrical activity
finer spatial resolution than EEG
CT/computed tomography/CAT scan - CORRECT ANSWER structure
series of x ray photos taken from different angles, then combined into picture of slice through
brain or body
PET/positron emission tomography scan - CORRECT ANSWER function
display of brain activity that shows where a radioactive form of glucose goes when the brain
performs a task
MRI/magnetic resonance imaging - CORRECT ANSWER structure
uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish
among different types of soft tissue
helps see structures within the brain
fMRI/functional magnetic resonance imaging - CORRECT ANSWER function
, measures level of activity in different parts of the brain
better than PET
very sensitive + easily skewed
measures BOLD: difference between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood flow to the brain
1990s: event related fMRI able to measure the BOLD signal
associated with individual rapidly occurring neural events
- parahippocampus + right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex correlated with levels of memory
performance for individual events
VBM/voxel based morphometry - CORRECT ANSWER structure
uses MRI scans to reveal differences between groups' regional brain volume and tissue
concentration
- posterior hippocampi of London taxicab drivers larger than control
DTI/diffusion tensor imaging + FA/fractional anisotropy - CORRECT
ANSWER structure?
DA
type of MRI
sensitive to the hindrance of water diffusion
measures white matter tracts in brain, axon density
