Pathophysiology exam 2 correctly
solved questions and answers {100%
correct} 2025|2026 (updated)
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which of
the following fluid compartments? CORRECT ANSWERS Intravascular fluid
A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is ICF?
CORRECT ANSWERS 42 L- the total volume of body water for a 70 kg person is about
42 L (60%)
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a
higher risk for developing dehydration because they have a(n): CORRECT ANSWERS
decreased muscle mass
Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for a decreased oncotic
pressure in the capillaries? A patient with: CORRECT ANSWERS liver failure
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by:
CORRECT ANSWERS osmotic forces
An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on fluid movement.
Which of the following alterations would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space?
CORRECT ANSWERS Increased interstitial oncotic pressure
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the principle of
water balance is closely related to _____ balance. CORRECT ANSWERS Sodium
A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema. Which of the
following is the most likely cause of this condition? CORRECT ANSWERS Increased
capillary hydrostatic pressure
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) because he is incoherent
and semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type
of edema is referred to as: CORRECT ANSWERS localized edema
A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which information
should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated by: CORRECT ANSWERS
increased plasma osmolality
Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful concerning
aldosterone? Secretion of aldosterone results in: CORRECT ANSWERS increased
blood volume
,A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal cortex.
Which finding would the nurse expect to see in the lab results? CORRECT ANSWERS
Decreased blood K+ levels
A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic hormones. When the
patient asks the nurse what do these hormones do, how should the nurse respond?
Natriuretic hormones affect the balance of: CORRECT ANSWERS Sodium
A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing
him with severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The
nurse administers a hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be
expected? CORRECT ANSWERS Intracellular dehydration
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A
patient with: CORRECT ANSWERS dehydration
The most common cause of pure water deficit is: CORRECT ANSWERS A. renal water
loss
Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are associated with: CORRECT ANSWERS
Hypertonic hyponatremia
A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy, confusion, and depressed
reflexes. His wife indicates that he does not follow the prescribed diet and takes his
medication sporadically. Lab results indicate hyperglycemia. Which assessment finding
is most likely to occur? CORRECT ANSWERS decreased sodium
When taking care of a patient with hyperkalemia, which principle is priority?
Hyperkalemia causes a(n) _____ in resting membrane potential with _____ excitability
of cardiac muscle. CORRECT ANSWERS increase, increased
Which of the following patients is most prone to hypochloremia? A patient with:
CORRECT ANSWERS Increased bicarbonate intake
Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for hyperkalemia?
CORRECT ANSWERS Acute acidosis
Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has long-term
potassium deficits? CORRECT ANSWERS kidneys
A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting muscle weakness
and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate that she is hypokalemic. Which of
the following could be the cause of her condition? CORRECT ANSWERS Primary
hyperaldosteronism
, A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting restlessness, muscle
cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following
could have caused his condition? CORRECT ANSWERS acidosis
A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment finding should
the nurse expect to observe? CORRECT ANSWERS oliguria
Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering system?
CORRECT ANSWERS carbonic acid and bicarbonate
A nurse recalls regulation of acid-base balance through removal or retention of volatile
acids is accomplished by the: CORRECT ANSWERS lungs
Physiologic pH is maintained around 7.4 because carbonic acid and bicarbonate exist in
a ratio of: CORRECT ANSWERS 20:1
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with: CORRECT
ANSWERS Excessive loss of chloride (Cl)
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A
patient diagnosed with: CORRECT ANSWERS renal failure
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by: CORRECT
ANSWERS hyperventilating
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis? CORRECT
ANSWERS pneumonia
A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness,
shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased
CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of:
CORRECT ANSWERS respiratory acidosis
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include:
CORRECT ANSWERS Kidney excretion of H+
A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports dizziness,
confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated pH, decreased
PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3. Which of the following is the most likely
diagnosis? CORRECT ANSWERS Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation
Outcomes of laboratory tests include an elevated level of natriuretic peptides. Which
organ is the priority assessment? CORRECT ANSWERS heart
A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a hormone-
secreting lung tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor secretes ADH. Which of
solved questions and answers {100%
correct} 2025|2026 (updated)
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which of
the following fluid compartments? CORRECT ANSWERS Intravascular fluid
A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is ICF?
CORRECT ANSWERS 42 L- the total volume of body water for a 70 kg person is about
42 L (60%)
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a
higher risk for developing dehydration because they have a(n): CORRECT ANSWERS
decreased muscle mass
Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for a decreased oncotic
pressure in the capillaries? A patient with: CORRECT ANSWERS liver failure
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by:
CORRECT ANSWERS osmotic forces
An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on fluid movement.
Which of the following alterations would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space?
CORRECT ANSWERS Increased interstitial oncotic pressure
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the principle of
water balance is closely related to _____ balance. CORRECT ANSWERS Sodium
A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema. Which of the
following is the most likely cause of this condition? CORRECT ANSWERS Increased
capillary hydrostatic pressure
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) because he is incoherent
and semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type
of edema is referred to as: CORRECT ANSWERS localized edema
A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which information
should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated by: CORRECT ANSWERS
increased plasma osmolality
Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful concerning
aldosterone? Secretion of aldosterone results in: CORRECT ANSWERS increased
blood volume
,A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal cortex.
Which finding would the nurse expect to see in the lab results? CORRECT ANSWERS
Decreased blood K+ levels
A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic hormones. When the
patient asks the nurse what do these hormones do, how should the nurse respond?
Natriuretic hormones affect the balance of: CORRECT ANSWERS Sodium
A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing
him with severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The
nurse administers a hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be
expected? CORRECT ANSWERS Intracellular dehydration
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A
patient with: CORRECT ANSWERS dehydration
The most common cause of pure water deficit is: CORRECT ANSWERS A. renal water
loss
Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are associated with: CORRECT ANSWERS
Hypertonic hyponatremia
A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy, confusion, and depressed
reflexes. His wife indicates that he does not follow the prescribed diet and takes his
medication sporadically. Lab results indicate hyperglycemia. Which assessment finding
is most likely to occur? CORRECT ANSWERS decreased sodium
When taking care of a patient with hyperkalemia, which principle is priority?
Hyperkalemia causes a(n) _____ in resting membrane potential with _____ excitability
of cardiac muscle. CORRECT ANSWERS increase, increased
Which of the following patients is most prone to hypochloremia? A patient with:
CORRECT ANSWERS Increased bicarbonate intake
Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for hyperkalemia?
CORRECT ANSWERS Acute acidosis
Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has long-term
potassium deficits? CORRECT ANSWERS kidneys
A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting muscle weakness
and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate that she is hypokalemic. Which of
the following could be the cause of her condition? CORRECT ANSWERS Primary
hyperaldosteronism
, A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting restlessness, muscle
cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following
could have caused his condition? CORRECT ANSWERS acidosis
A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment finding should
the nurse expect to observe? CORRECT ANSWERS oliguria
Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering system?
CORRECT ANSWERS carbonic acid and bicarbonate
A nurse recalls regulation of acid-base balance through removal or retention of volatile
acids is accomplished by the: CORRECT ANSWERS lungs
Physiologic pH is maintained around 7.4 because carbonic acid and bicarbonate exist in
a ratio of: CORRECT ANSWERS 20:1
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with: CORRECT
ANSWERS Excessive loss of chloride (Cl)
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A
patient diagnosed with: CORRECT ANSWERS renal failure
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by: CORRECT
ANSWERS hyperventilating
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis? CORRECT
ANSWERS pneumonia
A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness,
shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased
CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of:
CORRECT ANSWERS respiratory acidosis
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include:
CORRECT ANSWERS Kidney excretion of H+
A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports dizziness,
confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated pH, decreased
PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3. Which of the following is the most likely
diagnosis? CORRECT ANSWERS Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation
Outcomes of laboratory tests include an elevated level of natriuretic peptides. Which
organ is the priority assessment? CORRECT ANSWERS heart
A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a hormone-
secreting lung tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor secretes ADH. Which of
