DDA Exam #1 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Hydroxylation, Methylation, Phosphorylation, and Acetylation are all examples of what? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Post-translational modifications
What occurs in the initiation stage of translation? - CORRECT ANSWER - Transitional
complex forms and tRNA brings first amino acid in polypeptide chain to bind to start codon on
mRNA
What occurs during the elongation stage of translation? - CORRECT ANSWER - tRNAs
bring amino acids one by one to add to polypeptide chain
What occurs during the termination stage of translation? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Release factor recognizes stop codon translational complex dissociates and completed
polypeptides is released
What occurs during the initiation stage of transcription? - CORRECT ANSWER - RNA
polymerase binds to the promoter and starts to unwind the DNA strands
What occurs during elongation stage of transcription? - CORRECT ANSWER - RNA
polymerase moves along the DNA template strand from 3' to 5' and produces the RNA transcript
by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing RNA.
What occurs during the termination stage of transcription? - CORRECT ANSWER -
When RNA polymerase reaches the termination site, the RNA transcript is set free from the
template
The functions of the extracellular matrix include: - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.Forming an
essential
support structure for cells.
2.Controlling
,communication between
cells.
3.Segregating tissues.
4.Regulating cell processes
such as growth, migration
and differentiation.
Centrioles are cylinder of nine triplets of _________________ held together by supporting
proteins and are best known for their role in _____________________. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Microtubules; centrosomes
specialized to bear tension and therefore maintain the shape of the cell and anchoring of the
nucleus and other organelles in place. These are more permanent in structure than other
cytoskeleton fibers, more permanent in structure than other cytoskeleton fibers, and most
commonly composed of keratin. - CORRECT ANSWER - Intermediate filaments
Largest of 3 types of cytoskeleton fibers, used to help cell resist compression, involved in cell
division (forms spindles that pull chromosomes apart, and components of flagella, cilia, and
centrosomes. - CORRECT ANSWER - Microtubules
Used as tracks for movement of myosin. ●Found in cytoplasm at the edge of the cell close to the
cell membrane to give the cell shape and structure - CORRECT ANSWER -
Microfilaments (actin filaments)
Mitochondria:
What are the major functions? - CORRECT ANSWER - Generate large quantities of
energy
in the form of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP)
Lysosome:
, What are the major functions? - CORRECT ANSWER - Digestion of macromolecules,
old cell
parts, and microorganisms
Peroxisome:
What are the major functions? - CORRECT ANSWER - Oxidation of specific
biomolecules
Biosynthesis of membrane lipids
known as plasmalogens
Ribosomes:
What are the major functions? - CORRECT ANSWER - Decoding the information in
messenger RNA (translation) and
linking amino acids to form proteins
Rough ER:
What are the major functions? - CORRECT ANSWER - Uniquely controls protein
processing/
rate of protein translation
Smooth ER:
What are the major functions? - CORRECT ANSWER - Synthesizes and stores lipids,
phospholipids, and steroids (certain
cells)
Detoxification of drugs (liver)
Golgi Apparatus:
What are the major functions? - CORRECT ANSWER - Transporting, modifying, and
packaging proteins and lipids into
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Hydroxylation, Methylation, Phosphorylation, and Acetylation are all examples of what? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Post-translational modifications
What occurs in the initiation stage of translation? - CORRECT ANSWER - Transitional
complex forms and tRNA brings first amino acid in polypeptide chain to bind to start codon on
mRNA
What occurs during the elongation stage of translation? - CORRECT ANSWER - tRNAs
bring amino acids one by one to add to polypeptide chain
What occurs during the termination stage of translation? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Release factor recognizes stop codon translational complex dissociates and completed
polypeptides is released
What occurs during the initiation stage of transcription? - CORRECT ANSWER - RNA
polymerase binds to the promoter and starts to unwind the DNA strands
What occurs during elongation stage of transcription? - CORRECT ANSWER - RNA
polymerase moves along the DNA template strand from 3' to 5' and produces the RNA transcript
by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing RNA.
What occurs during the termination stage of transcription? - CORRECT ANSWER -
When RNA polymerase reaches the termination site, the RNA transcript is set free from the
template
The functions of the extracellular matrix include: - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.Forming an
essential
support structure for cells.
2.Controlling
,communication between
cells.
3.Segregating tissues.
4.Regulating cell processes
such as growth, migration
and differentiation.
Centrioles are cylinder of nine triplets of _________________ held together by supporting
proteins and are best known for their role in _____________________. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Microtubules; centrosomes
specialized to bear tension and therefore maintain the shape of the cell and anchoring of the
nucleus and other organelles in place. These are more permanent in structure than other
cytoskeleton fibers, more permanent in structure than other cytoskeleton fibers, and most
commonly composed of keratin. - CORRECT ANSWER - Intermediate filaments
Largest of 3 types of cytoskeleton fibers, used to help cell resist compression, involved in cell
division (forms spindles that pull chromosomes apart, and components of flagella, cilia, and
centrosomes. - CORRECT ANSWER - Microtubules
Used as tracks for movement of myosin. ●Found in cytoplasm at the edge of the cell close to the
cell membrane to give the cell shape and structure - CORRECT ANSWER -
Microfilaments (actin filaments)
Mitochondria:
What are the major functions? - CORRECT ANSWER - Generate large quantities of
energy
in the form of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP)
Lysosome:
, What are the major functions? - CORRECT ANSWER - Digestion of macromolecules,
old cell
parts, and microorganisms
Peroxisome:
What are the major functions? - CORRECT ANSWER - Oxidation of specific
biomolecules
Biosynthesis of membrane lipids
known as plasmalogens
Ribosomes:
What are the major functions? - CORRECT ANSWER - Decoding the information in
messenger RNA (translation) and
linking amino acids to form proteins
Rough ER:
What are the major functions? - CORRECT ANSWER - Uniquely controls protein
processing/
rate of protein translation
Smooth ER:
What are the major functions? - CORRECT ANSWER - Synthesizes and stores lipids,
phospholipids, and steroids (certain
cells)
Detoxification of drugs (liver)
Golgi Apparatus:
What are the major functions? - CORRECT ANSWER - Transporting, modifying, and
packaging proteins and lipids into
