Pathophysiology
Understanding Pathophysiology 8th Edition -
Complete with Verified Questions & Answers with
rationals | A+ Exam Preparation Material Brand
New
_____________________________________________________________________________________
1. A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting lung
tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor secretes ADH. Which of the following assessment
findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
Confusion
Weakness
Nausea
Muscle twitching
Weight loss
ANS: A, B, C, D
Secretion of ADH leads to water intoxication with symptoms of cerebral edema, with confusion and
convulsions; weakness; nausea; muscle twitching; headache; and weight gain, not loss.
Chapter 6. Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
1. A public health nurse is teaching the community about health promotion. Which information
should the nurse include for innate immunity? Innate immunity is gained:
a. Following an illness
b. At birth
c. Via injection of specific antibodies
d. In adulthood
ANS: B
Innate immunity is present at birth.
2. Which statement indicates teaching was successful regarding collectins? Collectins are produced by
the:
a. Kidneys
b. Bowel
c. Lungs
d. Integument
,ANS: C
Collectins are produced by the lungs.
3. A 20-year-old male received a knife wound to the arm during an altercation. Which of the following
types of immunity was compromised?
a. Innate immunity
b. Inflammatory response
c. Adaptive immunity
d. Specific immunity
ANS: A
The epithelial cells of the skin are a part of innate immunity.
4. Biochemical secretions that trap and kill microorganisms include:
a. Hormones
b. Neurotransmitters
c. Earwax
d. Gastric acid
ANS: C
Epithelial cells secrete several substances that protect against infection, including earwax.
5. A 25-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting vaginal discharge of a white,
viscous, and foul-smelling substance. She reports that she has been taking antibiotics for the past 6
months. Which finding will the nurse most likely see on the microorganism report?
a. Clostridium difficile overgrowth
b. Decreased Lactobacillus
c. Streptococcus overgrowth
d. Decreased Candida albicans
ANS: B
Diminished colonization with Lactobacillus that occurs as a result of prolonged antibiotic treatment
increases the risk for vaginal infections, such as vaginosis.
6. When an aide asks the nurse what is a purpose of the inflammatory process, how should the nurse
respond?
a. To provide specific responses toward antigens
b. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms
c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue
d. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury
ANS: C
One purpose of the inflammatory process is to prevent infection and further damage by contaminating
microorganisms.
,7. A child fell off the swing and scraped the right knee. The injured area becomes painful. What else
will the nurse observe upon assessment?
a. Vasoconstriction at injured site
b. Decreased RBC concentration at injured site
c. Pale skin at injured site
d. Edema at injured site
ANS: D
Increased vascular permeability and leakage of fluid out of the vessel cause edema at the site of injury.
8. A nurse recalls the mast cell, a major activator of inflammation, initiates the inflammatory response
through the process of:
a. Chemotaxis
b. Endocytosis
c. Degranulation
d. Opsonization
ANS: C
Degranulation of mast cells is a major cellular component of inflammation.
9. Which of the following individuals would be at greatest risk for an opportunistic infection?
a. 18-year-old with diabetes
b. 70-year-old with congestive heart failure
c. 24-year-old who is immunocompromised
d. 30-year-old with pneumonia
ANS: C
Opportunistic microorganisms can cause disease if the individuals defenses are compromised.
10. The directional migration of leukocytes along a chemical gradient is termed:
a. Chemotaxis
b. Endocytosis
c. Margination
d. Diapedesis
ANS: A
Chemotaxis is the process by which leukocytes undergo directed migration.
11. A 20-year-old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles. Which of the
following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent infection in his hand?
a. Eosinophils
b. Neutrophils
c. Leukotrienes
d. Monocytes
ANS: B
Neutrophils are the predominant phagocytes in the early inflammatory site, arriving within 6 to 12 hours
after the initial injury.
, 12. The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the:
a. Eosinophil
b. Neutrophil
c. Lymphocyte
d. Macrophage
ANS: B
Neutrophils are the predominant phagocytes in the early inflammatory site, arriving within 6 to 12 hours
after the initial injury.
13. A 25-year-old female experiences a headache and takes aspirin for relief. A nurse recalls aspirin
relieves the headache by:
a. Decreasing leukotriene production
b. Increasing histamine release
c. Decreasing prostaglandin production
d. Increasing platelet-activating factor
ANS: C
Aspirin is a prostaglandin inhibitor.
14. Which factor will help the nurse differentiate leukotrienes from histamine?
a. Site of production
b. Vascular effect
c. Chemotactic ability
d. Time of release
ANS: D
Leukotrienes are released slower and longer than histamine.
15. A 25-year-old male is in a car accident and sustains a fracture to his left femur with extensive soft
tissue injury. The pain associated with the injury is related to:
a. Histamine and serotonin
b. Kinins and prostaglandins
c. Vasoconstriction
d. Immune complex formation
ANS: B
Prostaglandins cause increased vascular permeability, neutrophil chemotaxis, and pain by direct effects
on nerves. Kinins also promote pain.
16. The complement, clotting, and kinin systems share which of the following characteristics?
a. Activation of a series of proenzymes
b. Phagocytosis initiation
c. Granulocyte production
d. Activated by interferon
Understanding Pathophysiology 8th Edition -
Complete with Verified Questions & Answers with
rationals | A+ Exam Preparation Material Brand
New
_____________________________________________________________________________________
1. A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting lung
tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor secretes ADH. Which of the following assessment
findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
Confusion
Weakness
Nausea
Muscle twitching
Weight loss
ANS: A, B, C, D
Secretion of ADH leads to water intoxication with symptoms of cerebral edema, with confusion and
convulsions; weakness; nausea; muscle twitching; headache; and weight gain, not loss.
Chapter 6. Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
1. A public health nurse is teaching the community about health promotion. Which information
should the nurse include for innate immunity? Innate immunity is gained:
a. Following an illness
b. At birth
c. Via injection of specific antibodies
d. In adulthood
ANS: B
Innate immunity is present at birth.
2. Which statement indicates teaching was successful regarding collectins? Collectins are produced by
the:
a. Kidneys
b. Bowel
c. Lungs
d. Integument
,ANS: C
Collectins are produced by the lungs.
3. A 20-year-old male received a knife wound to the arm during an altercation. Which of the following
types of immunity was compromised?
a. Innate immunity
b. Inflammatory response
c. Adaptive immunity
d. Specific immunity
ANS: A
The epithelial cells of the skin are a part of innate immunity.
4. Biochemical secretions that trap and kill microorganisms include:
a. Hormones
b. Neurotransmitters
c. Earwax
d. Gastric acid
ANS: C
Epithelial cells secrete several substances that protect against infection, including earwax.
5. A 25-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting vaginal discharge of a white,
viscous, and foul-smelling substance. She reports that she has been taking antibiotics for the past 6
months. Which finding will the nurse most likely see on the microorganism report?
a. Clostridium difficile overgrowth
b. Decreased Lactobacillus
c. Streptococcus overgrowth
d. Decreased Candida albicans
ANS: B
Diminished colonization with Lactobacillus that occurs as a result of prolonged antibiotic treatment
increases the risk for vaginal infections, such as vaginosis.
6. When an aide asks the nurse what is a purpose of the inflammatory process, how should the nurse
respond?
a. To provide specific responses toward antigens
b. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms
c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue
d. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury
ANS: C
One purpose of the inflammatory process is to prevent infection and further damage by contaminating
microorganisms.
,7. A child fell off the swing and scraped the right knee. The injured area becomes painful. What else
will the nurse observe upon assessment?
a. Vasoconstriction at injured site
b. Decreased RBC concentration at injured site
c. Pale skin at injured site
d. Edema at injured site
ANS: D
Increased vascular permeability and leakage of fluid out of the vessel cause edema at the site of injury.
8. A nurse recalls the mast cell, a major activator of inflammation, initiates the inflammatory response
through the process of:
a. Chemotaxis
b. Endocytosis
c. Degranulation
d. Opsonization
ANS: C
Degranulation of mast cells is a major cellular component of inflammation.
9. Which of the following individuals would be at greatest risk for an opportunistic infection?
a. 18-year-old with diabetes
b. 70-year-old with congestive heart failure
c. 24-year-old who is immunocompromised
d. 30-year-old with pneumonia
ANS: C
Opportunistic microorganisms can cause disease if the individuals defenses are compromised.
10. The directional migration of leukocytes along a chemical gradient is termed:
a. Chemotaxis
b. Endocytosis
c. Margination
d. Diapedesis
ANS: A
Chemotaxis is the process by which leukocytes undergo directed migration.
11. A 20-year-old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles. Which of the
following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent infection in his hand?
a. Eosinophils
b. Neutrophils
c. Leukotrienes
d. Monocytes
ANS: B
Neutrophils are the predominant phagocytes in the early inflammatory site, arriving within 6 to 12 hours
after the initial injury.
, 12. The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the:
a. Eosinophil
b. Neutrophil
c. Lymphocyte
d. Macrophage
ANS: B
Neutrophils are the predominant phagocytes in the early inflammatory site, arriving within 6 to 12 hours
after the initial injury.
13. A 25-year-old female experiences a headache and takes aspirin for relief. A nurse recalls aspirin
relieves the headache by:
a. Decreasing leukotriene production
b. Increasing histamine release
c. Decreasing prostaglandin production
d. Increasing platelet-activating factor
ANS: C
Aspirin is a prostaglandin inhibitor.
14. Which factor will help the nurse differentiate leukotrienes from histamine?
a. Site of production
b. Vascular effect
c. Chemotactic ability
d. Time of release
ANS: D
Leukotrienes are released slower and longer than histamine.
15. A 25-year-old male is in a car accident and sustains a fracture to his left femur with extensive soft
tissue injury. The pain associated with the injury is related to:
a. Histamine and serotonin
b. Kinins and prostaglandins
c. Vasoconstriction
d. Immune complex formation
ANS: B
Prostaglandins cause increased vascular permeability, neutrophil chemotaxis, and pain by direct effects
on nerves. Kinins also promote pain.
16. The complement, clotting, and kinin systems share which of the following characteristics?
a. Activation of a series of proenzymes
b. Phagocytosis initiation
c. Granulocyte production
d. Activated by interferon
