Geog 1900 Final Exam with precise ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
detailed solutions ||//\\||
What are air masses? - correct answer✔✔large bodies of air, 1000km across or more,
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
several thousand meters thick ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Do air masses have similar temperature and moisture content at any given elevation? -
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correct answer✔✔yes ||//\\||
What are the two main criteria by which air masses get classified? - correct
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
answer✔✔latitude, nature of the surface (temperature and moisture) ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Arctic (A) air mass - correct answer✔✔high latitudes, very cold
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Polar (P) air mass - correct answer✔✔high latitudes, cold
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Tropical (T) air mass - correct answer✔✔low latitudes, warm||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
continental (c) air mass - correct answer✔✔formed over land, dry air ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
maritime (m) air mass - correct answer✔✔formed over water, humid air ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What are fronts? - correct answer✔✔boundaries that separate air masses of different
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densities
What is a warm front? - correct answer✔✔warm air advances over cold air as cold air
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
retreats (overrunning) ||//\\||
,What are characteristics of warm fronts? - correct answer✔✔friction decreases with
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
slope, slope of front is less steep compared to cold fronts, light to moderate precipitation,
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
clouds become lower near the front, good at temperature inversions which causes sleet
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and freezing rain in the winter
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What is a cold front? - correct answer✔✔cold air advances pushing warm air
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What are characteristics of cold fronts? - correct answer✔✔2x steeper compared to
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
warm fronts, friction increases slope, faster compared to warm fronts, takes place over
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
less distance/area, more intense precipitation
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What is a stationary front? - correct answer✔✔a front that moves slower than other
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
fronts, flow in the cold and warm air masses nearly aligned with front orientation (forms
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
when warm air and cold air meet) ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What are characteristics of stationary fronts? - correct answer✔✔slowest moving front,
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
some warm air tends to override cold air, can still generate uplift and precipitation
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What is an occluded front? - correct answer✔✔when a cold front catches up to a warm
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
front
What are characteristics of occluded fronts? - correct answer✔✔low pressure center
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
between boundary of cold and warm front, the length of the front increases as time ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
increases,
Do cold fronts or warm fronts travel faster? - correct answer✔✔cold fronts
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What is a cold-type occlusion? - correct answer✔✔the cold air mass overtaking the warm
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front is colder than the cool air ahead of the warm front, and plows under both air masses;
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
ex: mid-latitude cyclone
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, What is a warm-type occlusion? - correct answer✔✔the cold air mass overtaking the
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
warm front is warmer than the cool air ahead of the warm front, and rides over the colder
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
air mass while lifting the warm air; ex: along the northwest coast of the U.S.
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What is a dryline? - correct answer✔✔at boundaries between warm air masses and
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
distinct moisture content ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What are characteristics of drylines? - correct answer✔✔usually occur in Texas, dew
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
point is the main indicator, not a lot of uplift or precipitation
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What are midlatitude cyclones? - correct answer✔✔An extratropical cyclone (low
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
pressure system) that is the principal weather maker at midlatitudes ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What is the typical life cycle of a midlatitude cyclone? - correct answer✔✔forms at
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
boundary between warm and cold air masses, starts as a stationary front and turns into ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
an occluded front
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Cyclones are generated by __________ aloft - correct answer✔✔divergence ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Upper-level winds can steer cyclones to areas of ____________ - correct ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
answer✔✔convergence
______ aloft weakens cyclones - correct answer✔✔Convergence ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
The more wavy isobars are, the more favorable the formation of __________ are - correct
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
answer✔✔cyclones
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Over an area of high pressure, there is _________ aloft in high latitudes - correct
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
answer✔✔convergence
detailed solutions ||//\\||
What are air masses? - correct answer✔✔large bodies of air, 1000km across or more,
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
several thousand meters thick ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Do air masses have similar temperature and moisture content at any given elevation? -
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
correct answer✔✔yes ||//\\||
What are the two main criteria by which air masses get classified? - correct
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
answer✔✔latitude, nature of the surface (temperature and moisture) ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Arctic (A) air mass - correct answer✔✔high latitudes, very cold
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Polar (P) air mass - correct answer✔✔high latitudes, cold
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Tropical (T) air mass - correct answer✔✔low latitudes, warm||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
continental (c) air mass - correct answer✔✔formed over land, dry air ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
maritime (m) air mass - correct answer✔✔formed over water, humid air ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What are fronts? - correct answer✔✔boundaries that separate air masses of different
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
densities
What is a warm front? - correct answer✔✔warm air advances over cold air as cold air
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
retreats (overrunning) ||//\\||
,What are characteristics of warm fronts? - correct answer✔✔friction decreases with
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
slope, slope of front is less steep compared to cold fronts, light to moderate precipitation,
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
clouds become lower near the front, good at temperature inversions which causes sleet
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
and freezing rain in the winter
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What is a cold front? - correct answer✔✔cold air advances pushing warm air
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What are characteristics of cold fronts? - correct answer✔✔2x steeper compared to
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
warm fronts, friction increases slope, faster compared to warm fronts, takes place over
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
less distance/area, more intense precipitation
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What is a stationary front? - correct answer✔✔a front that moves slower than other
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
fronts, flow in the cold and warm air masses nearly aligned with front orientation (forms
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
when warm air and cold air meet) ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What are characteristics of stationary fronts? - correct answer✔✔slowest moving front,
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
some warm air tends to override cold air, can still generate uplift and precipitation
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What is an occluded front? - correct answer✔✔when a cold front catches up to a warm
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
front
What are characteristics of occluded fronts? - correct answer✔✔low pressure center
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
between boundary of cold and warm front, the length of the front increases as time ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
increases,
Do cold fronts or warm fronts travel faster? - correct answer✔✔cold fronts
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What is a cold-type occlusion? - correct answer✔✔the cold air mass overtaking the warm
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
front is colder than the cool air ahead of the warm front, and plows under both air masses;
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
ex: mid-latitude cyclone
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
, What is a warm-type occlusion? - correct answer✔✔the cold air mass overtaking the
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
warm front is warmer than the cool air ahead of the warm front, and rides over the colder
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
air mass while lifting the warm air; ex: along the northwest coast of the U.S.
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What is a dryline? - correct answer✔✔at boundaries between warm air masses and
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
distinct moisture content ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What are characteristics of drylines? - correct answer✔✔usually occur in Texas, dew
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
point is the main indicator, not a lot of uplift or precipitation
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What are midlatitude cyclones? - correct answer✔✔An extratropical cyclone (low
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
pressure system) that is the principal weather maker at midlatitudes ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What is the typical life cycle of a midlatitude cyclone? - correct answer✔✔forms at
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
boundary between warm and cold air masses, starts as a stationary front and turns into ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
an occluded front
||//\\|| ||//\\||
Cyclones are generated by __________ aloft - correct answer✔✔divergence ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Upper-level winds can steer cyclones to areas of ____________ - correct ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
answer✔✔convergence
______ aloft weakens cyclones - correct answer✔✔Convergence ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
The more wavy isobars are, the more favorable the formation of __________ are - correct
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
answer✔✔cyclones
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Over an area of high pressure, there is _________ aloft in high latitudes - correct
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
answer✔✔convergence
