EPPP test A
When deception is used in research - Answer-the deception must be explained to participants as early as
is feasible, preferably at the conclusion of their participation, but no later than at the conclusion of the
research. Even if deception is involved, consent from subjects must be obtained before they participate
in the research.
The standard errors of means, measurement, and estimate express errors in terms of - Answer-All the
standard error formulas express error in terms of standard deviation units.
*Sampling error applies to the standard error of the mean only.
*Systematic error does not apply to any of the standard error formulas.
*The testing situation is a source of error taken into account in the standard error of measurement only.
Research on the incidence of differential validity has found - Answer-The problem is one of sample size.
*Differential validity is one of three problems that can occur when using selection tests in hiring
decisions. The other two problems are adverse impact and unfairness.
*Differential validity is defined as obtaining different criterion-related validity and coefficients for two
different groups (e.g., .51 for males/.35 for females). *Early research found differential validity to be a
significant problem; however, more recent research has found that differential validity is actually
relatively rare, and that earlier occurrences were simply an artifact of ***small sample size***.
What are James Marcia's 4 identity statuses? - Answer-1) Identity Confusion/Diffusion
-Adolescents neither explore nor commit to any identities. Adolescent lacks direction and is not
seriously considering options or trying to develop goals. (absence of crisis and commitment)
,2) Foreclosure
-When an individual commits to an identity without exploring options. (no crisis)
3) Moratorium
-A state in which adolescents are actively exploring options but have not yet made commitments. (in
crisis no commitments)
4) Identity Achievement
-Individuals who have explored different options, discovered their purpose, and have made identity
commitments. (resolved crisis and made commitments)
The standard error of estimate is affected by two variables - Answer-1) the standard deviation of the
criterion and 2)criterion-related validity.
Intuitively, when validity is high, there should be little error in prediction, and when validity is low, there
should be a lot of error in prediction. This is an indirect relationship. The standard error of estimate has
a direct relationship with the standard deviation, in that the larger the SD, the larger the error, the
smaller the SD the smaller the error.
What is the halo effect NOT controlled by? - Answer-*Utilizing relative methods
*Relative methods involves comparing employees with one another and does not control for halo
effects.
*How to control the halo effect: 1) training the raters, 2) a forced response format in which the rater is
forced to choose between two equally desirable or undesirable attributes, 3) objective rating methods
such as BARS.
What does job analysis do when trying to create a test for proficiency? - Answer-*A job analysis
describes in specific terms the nature of the component tasks performed by workers on a particular job.
*A job analysis would help a test designer to choose items for the test that matched the nature of the
work involved in being X (whatever is being measured).
, Dismantling strategy - Answer-Various components of treatment are analyzed separately; understanding
which components account for a treatment effect.
In terms of parenting, which theorist would recommend the use of natural, logical consequences and
focus on the goal of misbehavior? - Answer-Alfred Adler's
*His Individual Psychology has been widely adapted and used in parenting programs. STEP helps parents
structure family life so that children experience natural and logical consequences of both good behavior
and misbehavior.
A t score of 70 would be equivalent to - Answer-*T scores, z scores, and percentiles are all norm
referenced scores that tell us about a person's relative standing or ranking in a group.
*The scores can also be compared to one another.
*The mean of T scores is 50, and the standard deviation is 10. A T score of 70 is two standard deviations
above the mean, which corresponds to the 98th percentile rank. A z score of 1, which is one SD above
the mean, is equivalent to a T score of 60 and a percentile rank of 84.
*A raw score is a criterion-referenced score, and gives no indication of the person's relative ranking.
In an attempt to minimize discrimination against disadvantaged persons, employment testing has
frequently included - Answer-*Work sample testing!!
*To minimize discrimination, employment testing has moved from standardized tests in the direction of
work sample tests. Work sample tests are excellent and fair predictors of work performance.
Individual behavior is highly influenced by - Answer-informal norms
When deception is used in research - Answer-the deception must be explained to participants as early as
is feasible, preferably at the conclusion of their participation, but no later than at the conclusion of the
research. Even if deception is involved, consent from subjects must be obtained before they participate
in the research.
The standard errors of means, measurement, and estimate express errors in terms of - Answer-All the
standard error formulas express error in terms of standard deviation units.
*Sampling error applies to the standard error of the mean only.
*Systematic error does not apply to any of the standard error formulas.
*The testing situation is a source of error taken into account in the standard error of measurement only.
Research on the incidence of differential validity has found - Answer-The problem is one of sample size.
*Differential validity is one of three problems that can occur when using selection tests in hiring
decisions. The other two problems are adverse impact and unfairness.
*Differential validity is defined as obtaining different criterion-related validity and coefficients for two
different groups (e.g., .51 for males/.35 for females). *Early research found differential validity to be a
significant problem; however, more recent research has found that differential validity is actually
relatively rare, and that earlier occurrences were simply an artifact of ***small sample size***.
What are James Marcia's 4 identity statuses? - Answer-1) Identity Confusion/Diffusion
-Adolescents neither explore nor commit to any identities. Adolescent lacks direction and is not
seriously considering options or trying to develop goals. (absence of crisis and commitment)
,2) Foreclosure
-When an individual commits to an identity without exploring options. (no crisis)
3) Moratorium
-A state in which adolescents are actively exploring options but have not yet made commitments. (in
crisis no commitments)
4) Identity Achievement
-Individuals who have explored different options, discovered their purpose, and have made identity
commitments. (resolved crisis and made commitments)
The standard error of estimate is affected by two variables - Answer-1) the standard deviation of the
criterion and 2)criterion-related validity.
Intuitively, when validity is high, there should be little error in prediction, and when validity is low, there
should be a lot of error in prediction. This is an indirect relationship. The standard error of estimate has
a direct relationship with the standard deviation, in that the larger the SD, the larger the error, the
smaller the SD the smaller the error.
What is the halo effect NOT controlled by? - Answer-*Utilizing relative methods
*Relative methods involves comparing employees with one another and does not control for halo
effects.
*How to control the halo effect: 1) training the raters, 2) a forced response format in which the rater is
forced to choose between two equally desirable or undesirable attributes, 3) objective rating methods
such as BARS.
What does job analysis do when trying to create a test for proficiency? - Answer-*A job analysis
describes in specific terms the nature of the component tasks performed by workers on a particular job.
*A job analysis would help a test designer to choose items for the test that matched the nature of the
work involved in being X (whatever is being measured).
, Dismantling strategy - Answer-Various components of treatment are analyzed separately; understanding
which components account for a treatment effect.
In terms of parenting, which theorist would recommend the use of natural, logical consequences and
focus on the goal of misbehavior? - Answer-Alfred Adler's
*His Individual Psychology has been widely adapted and used in parenting programs. STEP helps parents
structure family life so that children experience natural and logical consequences of both good behavior
and misbehavior.
A t score of 70 would be equivalent to - Answer-*T scores, z scores, and percentiles are all norm
referenced scores that tell us about a person's relative standing or ranking in a group.
*The scores can also be compared to one another.
*The mean of T scores is 50, and the standard deviation is 10. A T score of 70 is two standard deviations
above the mean, which corresponds to the 98th percentile rank. A z score of 1, which is one SD above
the mean, is equivalent to a T score of 60 and a percentile rank of 84.
*A raw score is a criterion-referenced score, and gives no indication of the person's relative ranking.
In an attempt to minimize discrimination against disadvantaged persons, employment testing has
frequently included - Answer-*Work sample testing!!
*To minimize discrimination, employment testing has moved from standardized tests in the direction of
work sample tests. Work sample tests are excellent and fair predictors of work performance.
Individual behavior is highly influenced by - Answer-informal norms
