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NM717 Module 5 Newborn Midwifery Care of the
Newborn Kelsey review 2025 update|comprehensive
questions and verified answers (complete solutions)
A+ GRADE!!
Immediate extrauterine newborn transition - (ANSWER)—immediate transition
from intrauterine to extrauterine life
Immediate extrauterine newborn transition depends on changes in four major
areas: - (ANSWER)—respiration,
—circulation,
—thermoregulation, and
—glucose regulation
Biochemical Factors in initiation of respiration - (ANSWER)—relative hypoxia at
the end of labor
Physical stimuli Factors in initiation of respiration - (ANSWER)—cold, gravity,
pain, light, noise
Physiologic Factor in initiation of respiration - (ANSWER)Recoil from pressure on
thorax while passing through vagina
Sustained respiration depends on coordinated response of the
following - (ANSWER)a. Central nervous system (CNS) respiratory center
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b. Aortic and carotid chemoreceptors
c. Thoracic mechanoreceptors
d. Diaphragm and respiratory muscles
Initial breathing serves the following purposes - (ANSWER)a. Assist in conversion
from fetal to extrauterine circulation
b. Clear lungs of fluid
c. Establish lung volume and expand alveoli
Characteristics of normal newborn respiration - (ANSWER)a. Respiratory rate 30
to 60 breaths per minute
b. Irregular/fluctuating pattern
c. Diaphragmatic and abdominal breathing
d. Obligate nose breathing
e. Absence of nasal flaring, grunting, and retractions
Circulatory changes - (ANSWER)Transition from fetal to adult circulation begins
with clamping of the umbilical cord and continues throughout the first weeks of
life
Characteristics of fetal circulation - (ANSWER)a. Low-pressure system, including
placenta (low-resistance circuit)
b. Minimal circulation to lungs; bypassed via foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus
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c. Foramen ovale favors circulation of most oxygen-rich blood to the brain
Transition from fetal to neonatal circulation - (ANSWER)a. Increased systemic
resistance due to loss of placental circuit
b. Increased pressure in left atrium causes functional closure of foramen ovale
c. Initial respiration opens pulmonary vasculature, favoring circulation to lungs
d. Increased oxygenation of circulating blood causes constriction and functional
closure of ductus arteriosus
e. Absence of placental circulation closes ductus venosus
Thermoregulation *Mechanisms of neonatal heat loss* - (ANSWER)a. Convection
b. Conduction
c. Radiation
d. Evaporation
Thermoregulation *Neonate creates heat in three ways:* - (ANSWER)a. Shivering
(inefficient)
b. Muscle activity (limited benefit)
c. Thermogenesis by metabolism of brown adipose tissue (BAT)
High risks infants with ineffective Thermogenesis - (ANSWER)(1) BAT stores are
decreased in *preterm and growth-restricted fetuses*
(2) *Hypoglycemia* decreases efficiency of BAT metabolism
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Thermoregulation *Consequences of cold stress* - (ANSWER)a. Increased oxygen
consumption, leading to relative hypoxia and acidosis
b. Metabolism of BAT and release of fatty acids decreases pH
c. Increased use of glucose, depletion of glycogen stores, and hypoglycemia
d. Worsening hypoglycemia and acidosis may result in respiratory distress
Thermoregulation *Management/Interventions to promote* - (ANSWER)a. Skin-
to-skin contact on mother's chest or abdomen with blanket over both
b. Prewarm blankets and resuscitation area
c. Dry the newborn immediately and replace wet blankets
d. Regulate room temperature and minimize exposure to air convection
e. Postpone newborn bath at least two hours
f. Keep newborn warm and wrapped
Glucose regulation *Glycogen stores* - (ANSWER)a. Predominantly in liver
b. Accumulated in third trimester
Glucose regulation *Risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia* - (ANSWER)a.
Infants of diabetic mothers
b. Small for gestational age (SGA) or large for gestational age (LGA)
c. Preterm or post-term
NM717 Module 5 Newborn Midwifery Care of the
Newborn Kelsey review 2025 update|comprehensive
questions and verified answers (complete solutions)
A+ GRADE!!
Immediate extrauterine newborn transition - (ANSWER)—immediate transition
from intrauterine to extrauterine life
Immediate extrauterine newborn transition depends on changes in four major
areas: - (ANSWER)—respiration,
—circulation,
—thermoregulation, and
—glucose regulation
Biochemical Factors in initiation of respiration - (ANSWER)—relative hypoxia at
the end of labor
Physical stimuli Factors in initiation of respiration - (ANSWER)—cold, gravity,
pain, light, noise
Physiologic Factor in initiation of respiration - (ANSWER)Recoil from pressure on
thorax while passing through vagina
Sustained respiration depends on coordinated response of the
following - (ANSWER)a. Central nervous system (CNS) respiratory center
,2|Page
b. Aortic and carotid chemoreceptors
c. Thoracic mechanoreceptors
d. Diaphragm and respiratory muscles
Initial breathing serves the following purposes - (ANSWER)a. Assist in conversion
from fetal to extrauterine circulation
b. Clear lungs of fluid
c. Establish lung volume and expand alveoli
Characteristics of normal newborn respiration - (ANSWER)a. Respiratory rate 30
to 60 breaths per minute
b. Irregular/fluctuating pattern
c. Diaphragmatic and abdominal breathing
d. Obligate nose breathing
e. Absence of nasal flaring, grunting, and retractions
Circulatory changes - (ANSWER)Transition from fetal to adult circulation begins
with clamping of the umbilical cord and continues throughout the first weeks of
life
Characteristics of fetal circulation - (ANSWER)a. Low-pressure system, including
placenta (low-resistance circuit)
b. Minimal circulation to lungs; bypassed via foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus
,3|Page
c. Foramen ovale favors circulation of most oxygen-rich blood to the brain
Transition from fetal to neonatal circulation - (ANSWER)a. Increased systemic
resistance due to loss of placental circuit
b. Increased pressure in left atrium causes functional closure of foramen ovale
c. Initial respiration opens pulmonary vasculature, favoring circulation to lungs
d. Increased oxygenation of circulating blood causes constriction and functional
closure of ductus arteriosus
e. Absence of placental circulation closes ductus venosus
Thermoregulation *Mechanisms of neonatal heat loss* - (ANSWER)a. Convection
b. Conduction
c. Radiation
d. Evaporation
Thermoregulation *Neonate creates heat in three ways:* - (ANSWER)a. Shivering
(inefficient)
b. Muscle activity (limited benefit)
c. Thermogenesis by metabolism of brown adipose tissue (BAT)
High risks infants with ineffective Thermogenesis - (ANSWER)(1) BAT stores are
decreased in *preterm and growth-restricted fetuses*
(2) *Hypoglycemia* decreases efficiency of BAT metabolism
, 4|Page
Thermoregulation *Consequences of cold stress* - (ANSWER)a. Increased oxygen
consumption, leading to relative hypoxia and acidosis
b. Metabolism of BAT and release of fatty acids decreases pH
c. Increased use of glucose, depletion of glycogen stores, and hypoglycemia
d. Worsening hypoglycemia and acidosis may result in respiratory distress
Thermoregulation *Management/Interventions to promote* - (ANSWER)a. Skin-
to-skin contact on mother's chest or abdomen with blanket over both
b. Prewarm blankets and resuscitation area
c. Dry the newborn immediately and replace wet blankets
d. Regulate room temperature and minimize exposure to air convection
e. Postpone newborn bath at least two hours
f. Keep newborn warm and wrapped
Glucose regulation *Glycogen stores* - (ANSWER)a. Predominantly in liver
b. Accumulated in third trimester
Glucose regulation *Risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia* - (ANSWER)a.
Infants of diabetic mothers
b. Small for gestational age (SGA) or large for gestational age (LGA)
c. Preterm or post-term
