– Updated Questions with Verified Answers
& Detailed Explanations
Section 1: Key Ideas and Details (Questions 1–15)
Passage 1: The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution (1760–1840) transformed society through advancements in
manufacturing and transportation. Factories replaced cottage industries, leading to urbanization
as workers moved to cities. This shift caused overcrowding, poor living conditions, and health
challenges, but also spurred economic growth and technological innovation. Key inventions
included the steam engine and spinning jenny, which increased production efficiency.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
The Industrial Revolution transformed society through manufacturing and
urbanization
Explanation: The passage focuses on how the Industrial Revolution changed society by
shifting from cottage industries to factories and causing urbanization, with both positive
(economic growth) and negative (poor living conditions) effects.
2. What was a negative consequence of urbanization during the Industrial Revolution?
Overcrowding and poor living conditions
Explanation: The passage explicitly states that urbanization led to overcrowding and
poor living conditions, highlighting a key negative impact.
3. Which invention is mentioned as increasing production efficiency?
Steam engine
Explanation: The passage lists the steam engine as a key invention that improved
manufacturing efficiency during the Industrial Revolution.
Passage 2: Nutrition Labels
Nutrition labels provide critical information about food products, including serving size, calories,
and nutrient content. Per FDA regulations, labels must list total fat, sodium, and protein, along
with vitamins like A and C. For packaged tortilla shells sold in bulk, labels must include the
product name, weight, and allergen information, but not the packing location.
4. What is NOT required on the label of packaged tortilla shells sold in bulk?
Packing location
Explanation: The passage states that the packing location is not required for bulk food
labels, per FDA regulations, unlike product name, weight, and allergens.
, 5. What is the purpose of nutrition labels?
Provide critical food product information
Explanation: The passage explains that nutrition labels inform consumers about serving
size, calories, and nutrients, aiding informed dietary choices.
6. Which nutrients must be listed on a nutrition label?
Total fat, sodium, and protein
Explanation: The passage specifies that FDA regulations require listing total fat, sodium,
and protein on nutrition labels.
Passage 3: Climate Change
A global temperature rise of a few degrees may seem minor but has significant impacts. It
requires immense heat energy to warm the planet’s oceans, air, and land. Historically, a 5°C drop
caused the last ice age 20,000 years ago. Scientists predict a 2–6°C rise by 2100, potentially
causing drastic climate shifts.
7. What does the passage suggest about a global temperature rise?
It could cause drastic climate shifts
Explanation: The passage compares a predicted 2–6°C rise by 2100 to the ice age’s 5°C
drop, implying significant climate impacts.
8. What caused the last ice age, according to the passage?
A 5°C drop in global temperatures
Explanation: The passage explicitly states that a 5°C temperature drop 20,000 years ago
led to the ice age.
9. Why does a small temperature rise require significant energy?
It warms oceans, air, and land
Explanation: The passage explains that warming the entire planet’s oceans, air, and land
requires vast heat energy, even for a small temperature increase.
Passage 4: Author Income
Publishers often pay male authors higher advances and price their books higher, leading to
greater royalty payments. Male authors are also more likely to win literary awards and receive
speaking invitations, which drive book sales.
10. What is the main topic of the passage?
Gender differences in author income
Explanation: The passage focuses on how male authors receive higher advances,
royalties, and opportunities, highlighting income disparities.
11. What contributes to higher book sales for male authors?
Literary awards and speaking invitations
Explanation: The passage states that awards and speaking invitations, more common for
male authors, drive sales.
Passage 5: Radio Schedule
Monday: News from the BBC (world headlines), 8 PM.
Tuesday: California Update (state politics), 7 PM.