ATI-DIABETES MELLITUS CORRECT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Wheninstructingapatientregardingaurinestudyforfreecortisol,itismostimportantforthenursetotel
lthepatientto
A.Savethefirstvoidedurineintheam.
B.Maintainahigh-sodiumdiet3daysbeforecollection.
C.Trytoavoidstressfulsituationsduringthecollectionperiod.
D.Completeatleast30minutesofstrenuousexercisebeforecollectingtheurinesample.-
correctanswerC.Trytoavoidstressfulsituationsduringthecollectionperiod.
Aurinestudyforfreecortisolrequiresa24-
hoururinecollection.Thepatientshouldbeinstructedtoavoidstressfulsituationsandexcessivephysic
alexercisethatcouldundulyincreasecortisollevels.Thepatientshouldalsomaintainalow-
sodiumdietbeforeandduringtheurinecollectionperiod.
Whichofthefollowingassessmentparametersisofhighestprioritywhencaringforapatientundergoin
gawaterdeprivationtest?
A.Serumglucose
B.Patientweight
C.Arterialbloodgases
D.Patienttemperature-correctanswerB.Patientweight
Apatientisatriskforseveredehydrationduringawaterdeprivationtest.Thetestshouldbediscontinued
andthepatientrehydratedifthepatient'sweightdropsmorethan2kgatanytime.Theotherassessment
parametersdonotassessfluidbalance.
,Apatienthassoughtcarebecauseofalossof25lboverthepast6months,duringwhichthepatientclaims
tohavemadenosignificantdietarychanges.Thenurseshouldassessthepatientforpotential
A.Thyroiddisorders.
B.Diabetesinsipidus.
C.Pituitarydysfunction.
D.Parathyroiddysfunction.-correctanswerA.Thyroiddisorders.
Hyperthyroidismisassociatedwithweightloss.Alterationsinpituitaryfunction,suchasdiabetesinsipi
dus,andparathyroiddysfunctionarenotcommonlyassociatedwiththisphenomenon.
Thesurgeonwasunabletosaveapatient'sparathyroidglandduringaradicalthyroidectomy.Thenurses
houldconsequentlypayparticularattentiontowhichofthefollowingcomponentsofthepatient'slabor
atoryvalues?
A.Calciumlevels
B.Potassiumlevels
C.Bloodglucoselevels
D.Sodiumandchloridelevels-correctanswerA.Calciumlevels
Theparathyroidglandplaysakeyroleinmaintainingcalciumlevels.Potassium,sodium,glucose,andchl
oridearenotdirectlyinfluencedbythelossoftheparathyroidgland.
Apatient'srecentmedicalhistoryisindicativeofdiabetesinsipidus.Thenursewouldperformpatiented
ucationrelatedtowhichofthefollowingdiagnostictests?
A.Thyroidscan
B.Fastingglucosetest
C.Oralglucosetolerance
D.Waterdeprivationtest-correctanswerD.Waterdeprivationtest
,Awaterdeprivationtestisusedtodiagnosethepolyuriathataccompaniesdiabetesinsipidus.Glucoset
estsandthyroidtestsarenotdirectlyrelatedtothediagnosisofdiabetesinsipidus.
A54-year-
oldpatientadmittedwithtype2diabetes,asksthenursewhat"type2"means.Whichofthefollowingisth
emostappropriateresponsebythenurse?
A."Withtype2diabetes,thebodyofthepancreasbecomesinflamed."
B."Withtype2diabetes,insulinsecretionisdecreasedandinsulinresistanceisincreased."
C."Withtype2diabetes,thepatientistotallydependentonanoutsidesourceofinsulin."
D."Withtype2diabetes,thebodyproducesautoantibodiesthatdestroyb-cellsinthepancreas."-
correctanswerB."Withtype2diabetes,insulinsecretionisdecreasedandinsulinresistanceisincreased
."
Intype2diabetesmellitus,thesecretionofinsulinbythepancreasisreducedand/orthecellsofthebody
becomeresistanttoinsulin.
Thenursecaringfora54-year-
oldpatienthospitalizedwithdiabetesmellituswouldlookforwhichofthefollowinglaboratorytestresu
ltstoobtaininformationonthepatient'spastglucosecontrol?
A.Prealbuminlevel
B.Urineketonelevel
C.Fastingglucoselevel
D.Glycosylatedhemoglobinlevel-correctanswerD.Glycosylatedhemoglobinlevel
Aglycosylatedhemoglobinleveldetectstheamountofglucosethatisboundtoredbloodcells(RBCs).W
hencirculatingglucoselevelsarehigh,glucoseattachestotheRBCsandremainsthereforthelifeofthebl
oodcell,whichisapproximately120days.Thusthetestcangiveanindicationofglycemiccontroloverapp
roximately2to3months.
, Thenursehasbeenteachingapatientwithdiabeteshowtoperformself-
monitoringofbloodglucose.Duringevaluationofthepatient'stechnique,thenurseidentifiesaneedfor
additionalteachingwhenthepatientdoeswhichofthefollowing?
A.Choosesapuncturesiteinthecenterofthefingerpad
B.Washeshandswithsoapandwatertocleansethesitetobeused
C.Warmsthefingerbeforepuncturingtoobtainadropofblood
D.Tellsthenursethattheresultof120mg/dlindicatesgoodcontrolofdiabetes-
correctanswerA.Choosesapuncturesiteinthecenterofthefingerpad
Thepatientshouldselectasiteonthesidesofthefingertips,notonthecenterofthefingerpad.Thisareac
ontainsmanynerveendingsandwouldbeunnecessarilypainful.
Thenurseisteachinga54-year-
oldpatientwithdiabetesaboutpropercompositionofthedailydiet.Thenurseexplainsthattheguidelin
eforcarbohydrateintakeiswhichofthefollowing?
A.80%ofdailyintake
B.Minimumof80g/day
C.Minimumof130g/day
D.Maximumof130g/day-correctanswerC.Minimumof130g/day
Therecommendationforcarbohydrateintakeisaminimumof130g/day.Low-
carbohydratedietsarenotrecommendedfordiabetesmanagement.
Thenurseisassignedtothecareofa64-year-
oldpatientdiagnosedwithtype2diabetes.Informulatingateachingplanthatencouragesthepatientto
activelyparticipateinmanagementofthediabetes,whichofthefollowingshouldbethenurse'sinitialin
tervention?
A.Assesspatient'sperceptionofwhatitmeanstohavediabetes.
B.Askthepatienttowritedowncurrentknowledgeaboutdiabetes.
C.Setgoalsforthepatienttoactivelyparticipateinmanaginghisdiabetes.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Wheninstructingapatientregardingaurinestudyforfreecortisol,itismostimportantforthenursetotel
lthepatientto
A.Savethefirstvoidedurineintheam.
B.Maintainahigh-sodiumdiet3daysbeforecollection.
C.Trytoavoidstressfulsituationsduringthecollectionperiod.
D.Completeatleast30minutesofstrenuousexercisebeforecollectingtheurinesample.-
correctanswerC.Trytoavoidstressfulsituationsduringthecollectionperiod.
Aurinestudyforfreecortisolrequiresa24-
hoururinecollection.Thepatientshouldbeinstructedtoavoidstressfulsituationsandexcessivephysic
alexercisethatcouldundulyincreasecortisollevels.Thepatientshouldalsomaintainalow-
sodiumdietbeforeandduringtheurinecollectionperiod.
Whichofthefollowingassessmentparametersisofhighestprioritywhencaringforapatientundergoin
gawaterdeprivationtest?
A.Serumglucose
B.Patientweight
C.Arterialbloodgases
D.Patienttemperature-correctanswerB.Patientweight
Apatientisatriskforseveredehydrationduringawaterdeprivationtest.Thetestshouldbediscontinued
andthepatientrehydratedifthepatient'sweightdropsmorethan2kgatanytime.Theotherassessment
parametersdonotassessfluidbalance.
,Apatienthassoughtcarebecauseofalossof25lboverthepast6months,duringwhichthepatientclaims
tohavemadenosignificantdietarychanges.Thenurseshouldassessthepatientforpotential
A.Thyroiddisorders.
B.Diabetesinsipidus.
C.Pituitarydysfunction.
D.Parathyroiddysfunction.-correctanswerA.Thyroiddisorders.
Hyperthyroidismisassociatedwithweightloss.Alterationsinpituitaryfunction,suchasdiabetesinsipi
dus,andparathyroiddysfunctionarenotcommonlyassociatedwiththisphenomenon.
Thesurgeonwasunabletosaveapatient'sparathyroidglandduringaradicalthyroidectomy.Thenurses
houldconsequentlypayparticularattentiontowhichofthefollowingcomponentsofthepatient'slabor
atoryvalues?
A.Calciumlevels
B.Potassiumlevels
C.Bloodglucoselevels
D.Sodiumandchloridelevels-correctanswerA.Calciumlevels
Theparathyroidglandplaysakeyroleinmaintainingcalciumlevels.Potassium,sodium,glucose,andchl
oridearenotdirectlyinfluencedbythelossoftheparathyroidgland.
Apatient'srecentmedicalhistoryisindicativeofdiabetesinsipidus.Thenursewouldperformpatiented
ucationrelatedtowhichofthefollowingdiagnostictests?
A.Thyroidscan
B.Fastingglucosetest
C.Oralglucosetolerance
D.Waterdeprivationtest-correctanswerD.Waterdeprivationtest
,Awaterdeprivationtestisusedtodiagnosethepolyuriathataccompaniesdiabetesinsipidus.Glucoset
estsandthyroidtestsarenotdirectlyrelatedtothediagnosisofdiabetesinsipidus.
A54-year-
oldpatientadmittedwithtype2diabetes,asksthenursewhat"type2"means.Whichofthefollowingisth
emostappropriateresponsebythenurse?
A."Withtype2diabetes,thebodyofthepancreasbecomesinflamed."
B."Withtype2diabetes,insulinsecretionisdecreasedandinsulinresistanceisincreased."
C."Withtype2diabetes,thepatientistotallydependentonanoutsidesourceofinsulin."
D."Withtype2diabetes,thebodyproducesautoantibodiesthatdestroyb-cellsinthepancreas."-
correctanswerB."Withtype2diabetes,insulinsecretionisdecreasedandinsulinresistanceisincreased
."
Intype2diabetesmellitus,thesecretionofinsulinbythepancreasisreducedand/orthecellsofthebody
becomeresistanttoinsulin.
Thenursecaringfora54-year-
oldpatienthospitalizedwithdiabetesmellituswouldlookforwhichofthefollowinglaboratorytestresu
ltstoobtaininformationonthepatient'spastglucosecontrol?
A.Prealbuminlevel
B.Urineketonelevel
C.Fastingglucoselevel
D.Glycosylatedhemoglobinlevel-correctanswerD.Glycosylatedhemoglobinlevel
Aglycosylatedhemoglobinleveldetectstheamountofglucosethatisboundtoredbloodcells(RBCs).W
hencirculatingglucoselevelsarehigh,glucoseattachestotheRBCsandremainsthereforthelifeofthebl
oodcell,whichisapproximately120days.Thusthetestcangiveanindicationofglycemiccontroloverapp
roximately2to3months.
, Thenursehasbeenteachingapatientwithdiabeteshowtoperformself-
monitoringofbloodglucose.Duringevaluationofthepatient'stechnique,thenurseidentifiesaneedfor
additionalteachingwhenthepatientdoeswhichofthefollowing?
A.Choosesapuncturesiteinthecenterofthefingerpad
B.Washeshandswithsoapandwatertocleansethesitetobeused
C.Warmsthefingerbeforepuncturingtoobtainadropofblood
D.Tellsthenursethattheresultof120mg/dlindicatesgoodcontrolofdiabetes-
correctanswerA.Choosesapuncturesiteinthecenterofthefingerpad
Thepatientshouldselectasiteonthesidesofthefingertips,notonthecenterofthefingerpad.Thisareac
ontainsmanynerveendingsandwouldbeunnecessarilypainful.
Thenurseisteachinga54-year-
oldpatientwithdiabetesaboutpropercompositionofthedailydiet.Thenurseexplainsthattheguidelin
eforcarbohydrateintakeiswhichofthefollowing?
A.80%ofdailyintake
B.Minimumof80g/day
C.Minimumof130g/day
D.Maximumof130g/day-correctanswerC.Minimumof130g/day
Therecommendationforcarbohydrateintakeisaminimumof130g/day.Low-
carbohydratedietsarenotrecommendedfordiabetesmanagement.
Thenurseisassignedtothecareofa64-year-
oldpatientdiagnosedwithtype2diabetes.Informulatingateachingplanthatencouragesthepatientto
activelyparticipateinmanagementofthediabetes,whichofthefollowingshouldbethenurse'sinitialin
tervention?
A.Assesspatient'sperceptionofwhatitmeanstohavediabetes.
B.Askthepatienttowritedowncurrentknowledgeaboutdiabetes.
C.Setgoalsforthepatienttoactivelyparticipateinmanaginghisdiabetes.
