Chapter 2: Altered Cellular & Tissue
Biology: Environmental agents
(McCance) Test Bank Questions And
Correct Answers.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding pathologic hyperplasia?
1. Produces abnormal proliferation of abnormal cells.
2. Is an adaptive mechanism that enables organ regeneration.
3. Increases cell size.
4. May occur in response to growth factors. - Answer 4. May occur in response to growth
factors.
A nurse knows that free radicals may be produced by
1. protein peroxidation.
2. metabolism of exogenous chemicals or drugs.
3. spontaneous decay of superoxide.
4. vitamins E and C supplements. - Answer 2. metabolism of exogenous chemicals or drugs.
Lead causes damage within the cell by interfering with the action of _____________.
a. Sodium and chloride
b. Calcium
c. Potassium
d. ATP - Answer ANS: C
Lead affects many different biologic activities at the cellular and molecular levels, many of which
may be related to its ability to interfere with the functions of calcium. Lead does not appear to
cause damage by interfering with the action of the other options.
Which of the following is true about alcohol (ethanol)?
1. Is metabolized via the microsomal P-450.
2. Is primarily metabolized and excreted by the kidneys.
3. Increases activation of methionine, an essential amino acid.
4. Can produce hypermagnesemia with chronic use. - Answer 1. Is metabolized via the
, What is the effect of ionizing radiation? - Answer Answer: it can cause damage to the cells and
genetic material (i.e., deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA). If not properly repaired, this damage can
result in the death of the cell or potentially harmful changes in the DNA (i.e., mutations).
A nurse remembers that aging is associated with
1. reduced cross-linking of collagen.
2. reduced degradation of collagen.
3. increased cross-linking of collagen.
4. increased collagen synthesis. - Answer 3. increased cross-linking of collagen.
What is a collection of blood that is located between the skull and the dura is called?
A. Epidural hematoma
B. Contusion
C. Subdural hematoma Incorrect
D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage - Answer Correct:
A. Epidural hematomas are a collection of blood between the inner surface of the skull and the
dura. A contusion is a bruise or bleeding into the skin and underlying tissue. A subdural
hematoma is a collection of blood between the inner surface of the dura and the surface of the
brain. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a condition in which a cerebral arterial aneurysm ruptures.
Which term describes oxygen failing to reach the blood?
A. Suffocation
B. Strangulation
C. Drowning
D. Petechiae - Answer Correct:
A Suffocation occurs when oxygen fails to reach the blood. It is a subgroup of asphyxial injuries.
Strangulation is caused by compression and closure of the blood vessels and air passages by
external pressure on the neck. Drowning occurs when water or fluid alters the delivery of
oxygen. Petechiae are found on the neck of a victim who has been strangled. It is the result of
compression of soft tissue and the breakage of blood vessels.
What is the physiologic mechanism associated with heat exhaustion?
A. Peripheral vasoconstriction
B. Degenerative changes in the myelin sheath
Biology: Environmental agents
(McCance) Test Bank Questions And
Correct Answers.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding pathologic hyperplasia?
1. Produces abnormal proliferation of abnormal cells.
2. Is an adaptive mechanism that enables organ regeneration.
3. Increases cell size.
4. May occur in response to growth factors. - Answer 4. May occur in response to growth
factors.
A nurse knows that free radicals may be produced by
1. protein peroxidation.
2. metabolism of exogenous chemicals or drugs.
3. spontaneous decay of superoxide.
4. vitamins E and C supplements. - Answer 2. metabolism of exogenous chemicals or drugs.
Lead causes damage within the cell by interfering with the action of _____________.
a. Sodium and chloride
b. Calcium
c. Potassium
d. ATP - Answer ANS: C
Lead affects many different biologic activities at the cellular and molecular levels, many of which
may be related to its ability to interfere with the functions of calcium. Lead does not appear to
cause damage by interfering with the action of the other options.
Which of the following is true about alcohol (ethanol)?
1. Is metabolized via the microsomal P-450.
2. Is primarily metabolized and excreted by the kidneys.
3. Increases activation of methionine, an essential amino acid.
4. Can produce hypermagnesemia with chronic use. - Answer 1. Is metabolized via the
, What is the effect of ionizing radiation? - Answer Answer: it can cause damage to the cells and
genetic material (i.e., deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA). If not properly repaired, this damage can
result in the death of the cell or potentially harmful changes in the DNA (i.e., mutations).
A nurse remembers that aging is associated with
1. reduced cross-linking of collagen.
2. reduced degradation of collagen.
3. increased cross-linking of collagen.
4. increased collagen synthesis. - Answer 3. increased cross-linking of collagen.
What is a collection of blood that is located between the skull and the dura is called?
A. Epidural hematoma
B. Contusion
C. Subdural hematoma Incorrect
D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage - Answer Correct:
A. Epidural hematomas are a collection of blood between the inner surface of the skull and the
dura. A contusion is a bruise or bleeding into the skin and underlying tissue. A subdural
hematoma is a collection of blood between the inner surface of the dura and the surface of the
brain. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a condition in which a cerebral arterial aneurysm ruptures.
Which term describes oxygen failing to reach the blood?
A. Suffocation
B. Strangulation
C. Drowning
D. Petechiae - Answer Correct:
A Suffocation occurs when oxygen fails to reach the blood. It is a subgroup of asphyxial injuries.
Strangulation is caused by compression and closure of the blood vessels and air passages by
external pressure on the neck. Drowning occurs when water or fluid alters the delivery of
oxygen. Petechiae are found on the neck of a victim who has been strangled. It is the result of
compression of soft tissue and the breakage of blood vessels.
What is the physiologic mechanism associated with heat exhaustion?
A. Peripheral vasoconstriction
B. Degenerative changes in the myelin sheath
