BIO 189 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
1. 5 Characteristics of Life - ANSWER ✓ Reproduction (growth,
development), Evolution, Organized, Uses energy, Maintains homeostasis
OGRE HED
2. Life's organizational hierarchy - ANSWER ✓ Atom, Molecule, Organelle,
Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ system, Organism, Population, Community,
Ecosystem, Biosphere
3. What are the 3 domains of life? - ANSWER ✓ Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
4. Taxonomy - ANSWER ✓ Science of classifying organisms.
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, order, Family, Genus, Species
(dumb-kids-play-checkers-on-freeways-get-smushed)
5. Prokaryotic Cells - ANSWER ✓ Archaea and Bacteria, no membrane-bound
organelles, have nucleoids. Small, unicellular structures
6. Eukaryotic Cells - ANSWER ✓ Eukarya, have membrane-bound cells.
Larger, often multicellular (but can be unicellular).
7. Phylogenetic Trees - ANSWER ✓ A branching diagram that represents
evolutionary relationships between organisms. From very broad to very
specific.
8. Characteristics of Science - ANSWER ✓ observable, measurable, testable,
repeatable
,9. Scientific Method - ANSWER ✓ Make and observation, research, form a
hypotheses, make predictions, collect data/experiment, analyze the data,
draw conclusion and communicate
10.Hypothesis - ANSWER ✓ Hypothesis is an explanation for an observable
phenomenon that can be testable and falsifiable.
11.Factors in Experimental Design - ANSWER ✓ Variables(independent,
dependent standardized), controls, sample size, implicit biases, statistical
analyses.
12.Types of Scientific Studies - ANSWER ✓ Experimental/randomized
controlled trails, observational/ epidemiological
13.Limitations to Scientific Inquiry - ANSWER ✓ Multiple interpretations.
Misinterpretations of observations or results,
Slow acceptance of unexpected conclusions,
Limited to existing phenomena of the natural world. (no morality, ethics,
God)
14.Importance of Chemistry - ANSWER ✓ essential for body physiology
healthcare professionals
-biochemistry
-drug treating disease
15.Atom Structure - ANSWER ✓ Protons, neutrons, electrons
16.Elements that Make Up all Living Organisms - ANSWER ✓ Nitrogen,
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous, Sulfur
NCHOPS
17.Periodic Table and Atomic Structure - ANSWER ✓ The periodic table
arranges elements by # of protons (atomic number) and other properties
18.Atomic Mass and Number and Weight - ANSWER ✓ Atomic Number= # of
protons
Atomic Mass= # of protons+ # of neutrons
Weight= average atomic mass of all isotopes of an element (decimal number
,19.Chemical Reaction & Nuclear Reactions - ANSWER ✓ Nuclear fusion- two
nuclei fuse together to make a new element. Radioactive decay- unstable
isotopes degrade into stable forms (half-life)
20.Transports against the concentration gradient - ANSWER ✓ Active transport
21.What features distinguish the 3 types of endocytosis? - ANSWER ✓
Pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis, and phagocytosis
22.What is exocytosis? - ANSWER ✓ Process by which the contents of a cell
vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion if the vacuole membrane
with the cell membrane
23.The only things that cross the bilayer easily are: - ANSWER ✓ Small
uncharged oxygen (O2)
24.simple diffusion - ANSWER ✓ Movement of small, hydrophobic molecules
across a membrane from an area of higher solute concentration to and area
of lower concentration; does not require energy
25.True or false a protein that transports glucose will not transport calcium ions
- ANSWER ✓ True
26.Examples of substances and facilitated diffusion - ANSWER ✓ Glucose and
water
27.An example of active transport - ANSWER ✓ Active transports keep the
antibiotic concentration in the bacterial cell wall by pumping the antibiotic
out against it concentration gradient; uses cellular energy
28.Mitochondria - ANSWER ✓ powerhouse of the cell they use oxygen to
extract energy from food and convert the energy into a useful form
29.Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - ANSWER ✓ Network of membranes that
serves as a kind of assembly line for the manufacturing of proteins and lipids
30.Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER ✓ Makes proteins
, 31.Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER ✓ creates lipids or fat
32.Golgi apparatus - ANSWER ✓ a cell organelle that helps make and package
materials to be transported out of the cell
33.What three organelles work together to make and transport proteins to
specific locations out of the cell? - ANSWER ✓ The nucleus, ER, and Golgi
apparatus
34.Choloroplast - ANSWER ✓ captures sunlight for energy and contains
chlorophyll to give plants a green color
35.Lysosomes function - ANSWER ✓ Cells recycling center, digests and
recycles molecules
36.Endosymbiosis theory - ANSWER ✓ proposes that mitochondria and
plastids arose when one cell engulfed another cell.
37.What are the macronutrients provided by food? - ANSWER ✓ Nutrients that
the body requires a large amount of
38.Name the 3 major macronutrients - ANSWER ✓ Carbohydrates, proteins,
and fats (lipids)
39.What are micronutrients? - ANSWER ✓ Nutrients that are needed only in
small amounts
40.Name two types of micronutrients - ANSWER ✓ Minerals and vitamins
41.What are Essential nutrients? - ANSWER ✓ Nutrients that the body cannot
manufacture and which must then be obtained reassembled from our diet
42.What are enzymes? And how do they work? - ANSWER ✓ Enzyme are a
protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.
43.malnutrition (n) - ANSWER ✓ Hunger and starvation
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
1. 5 Characteristics of Life - ANSWER ✓ Reproduction (growth,
development), Evolution, Organized, Uses energy, Maintains homeostasis
OGRE HED
2. Life's organizational hierarchy - ANSWER ✓ Atom, Molecule, Organelle,
Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ system, Organism, Population, Community,
Ecosystem, Biosphere
3. What are the 3 domains of life? - ANSWER ✓ Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
4. Taxonomy - ANSWER ✓ Science of classifying organisms.
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, order, Family, Genus, Species
(dumb-kids-play-checkers-on-freeways-get-smushed)
5. Prokaryotic Cells - ANSWER ✓ Archaea and Bacteria, no membrane-bound
organelles, have nucleoids. Small, unicellular structures
6. Eukaryotic Cells - ANSWER ✓ Eukarya, have membrane-bound cells.
Larger, often multicellular (but can be unicellular).
7. Phylogenetic Trees - ANSWER ✓ A branching diagram that represents
evolutionary relationships between organisms. From very broad to very
specific.
8. Characteristics of Science - ANSWER ✓ observable, measurable, testable,
repeatable
,9. Scientific Method - ANSWER ✓ Make and observation, research, form a
hypotheses, make predictions, collect data/experiment, analyze the data,
draw conclusion and communicate
10.Hypothesis - ANSWER ✓ Hypothesis is an explanation for an observable
phenomenon that can be testable and falsifiable.
11.Factors in Experimental Design - ANSWER ✓ Variables(independent,
dependent standardized), controls, sample size, implicit biases, statistical
analyses.
12.Types of Scientific Studies - ANSWER ✓ Experimental/randomized
controlled trails, observational/ epidemiological
13.Limitations to Scientific Inquiry - ANSWER ✓ Multiple interpretations.
Misinterpretations of observations or results,
Slow acceptance of unexpected conclusions,
Limited to existing phenomena of the natural world. (no morality, ethics,
God)
14.Importance of Chemistry - ANSWER ✓ essential for body physiology
healthcare professionals
-biochemistry
-drug treating disease
15.Atom Structure - ANSWER ✓ Protons, neutrons, electrons
16.Elements that Make Up all Living Organisms - ANSWER ✓ Nitrogen,
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous, Sulfur
NCHOPS
17.Periodic Table and Atomic Structure - ANSWER ✓ The periodic table
arranges elements by # of protons (atomic number) and other properties
18.Atomic Mass and Number and Weight - ANSWER ✓ Atomic Number= # of
protons
Atomic Mass= # of protons+ # of neutrons
Weight= average atomic mass of all isotopes of an element (decimal number
,19.Chemical Reaction & Nuclear Reactions - ANSWER ✓ Nuclear fusion- two
nuclei fuse together to make a new element. Radioactive decay- unstable
isotopes degrade into stable forms (half-life)
20.Transports against the concentration gradient - ANSWER ✓ Active transport
21.What features distinguish the 3 types of endocytosis? - ANSWER ✓
Pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis, and phagocytosis
22.What is exocytosis? - ANSWER ✓ Process by which the contents of a cell
vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion if the vacuole membrane
with the cell membrane
23.The only things that cross the bilayer easily are: - ANSWER ✓ Small
uncharged oxygen (O2)
24.simple diffusion - ANSWER ✓ Movement of small, hydrophobic molecules
across a membrane from an area of higher solute concentration to and area
of lower concentration; does not require energy
25.True or false a protein that transports glucose will not transport calcium ions
- ANSWER ✓ True
26.Examples of substances and facilitated diffusion - ANSWER ✓ Glucose and
water
27.An example of active transport - ANSWER ✓ Active transports keep the
antibiotic concentration in the bacterial cell wall by pumping the antibiotic
out against it concentration gradient; uses cellular energy
28.Mitochondria - ANSWER ✓ powerhouse of the cell they use oxygen to
extract energy from food and convert the energy into a useful form
29.Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - ANSWER ✓ Network of membranes that
serves as a kind of assembly line for the manufacturing of proteins and lipids
30.Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER ✓ Makes proteins
, 31.Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER ✓ creates lipids or fat
32.Golgi apparatus - ANSWER ✓ a cell organelle that helps make and package
materials to be transported out of the cell
33.What three organelles work together to make and transport proteins to
specific locations out of the cell? - ANSWER ✓ The nucleus, ER, and Golgi
apparatus
34.Choloroplast - ANSWER ✓ captures sunlight for energy and contains
chlorophyll to give plants a green color
35.Lysosomes function - ANSWER ✓ Cells recycling center, digests and
recycles molecules
36.Endosymbiosis theory - ANSWER ✓ proposes that mitochondria and
plastids arose when one cell engulfed another cell.
37.What are the macronutrients provided by food? - ANSWER ✓ Nutrients that
the body requires a large amount of
38.Name the 3 major macronutrients - ANSWER ✓ Carbohydrates, proteins,
and fats (lipids)
39.What are micronutrients? - ANSWER ✓ Nutrients that are needed only in
small amounts
40.Name two types of micronutrients - ANSWER ✓ Minerals and vitamins
41.What are Essential nutrients? - ANSWER ✓ Nutrients that the body cannot
manufacture and which must then be obtained reassembled from our diet
42.What are enzymes? And how do they work? - ANSWER ✓ Enzyme are a
protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.
43.malnutrition (n) - ANSWER ✓ Hunger and starvation
