AAE 350 EXAM 2 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Projections of food production and malnutrition from 1997 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Grain
1997 developed countries : production 800 > Demand 700
1997 developing countries : production 1000 < Demand 1100
2020 Projections
Developed countries : production 1000 > Demand 800
Developing countries : production 1400 < Demand 1700
HOW ARE WE DOING : MALNUTRITION IN AFRICA? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Looks like a pessimistic
scenario.
-Prediction was for 50 million malnourished in 2020
-In 2023, 55 million malnourished
HOW ARE WE DOING ON FOOD PRODUCTION? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Really well !! (according to the
FAO)
Primary Crop production up 54%
Meat production nearly doubled
Milk production up ~50%
Population up only 29%
Daily supply of calories in the world has gone up - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅All parts of the world have
increased their supply of calories by ~25% (except Oceania)
Still African countries are on average barely above the recommended diet
EAT YOUR FRUITS AND VEGETABLES! - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Lots more fruits and vegetables, most up
more than 50%.
-For some reason cabbage production has been flat....
BUT THAT NEW FOOD COMES AT A COST - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Increasing food production comes
from
,-Better seeds
-more inputs (fertilizers, herbicides)
-Better techniques
-Increased land area devoted to agriculture
-Deforestation
Both environmental and health consequences of increased production
INTEGRATED FOOD SECURITY PHASE CLASSIFICATION (IPC) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A Famine
classification (IPC Phase 5) is the highest phase of the IPC Acute Food Insecurity scale, and is attributed
when an area has at least
- 20% of households facing an extreme lack of food,
- 30% of children suffering from acute malnutrition, and
- two people for every 10,000 dying each day due to outright starvation or to the interaction of
malnutrition and disease.
Level 3 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Crisis - marginally able to meet minimum needs but deplete livelihood
assets.
Level 4 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Emergency - Able to mitigate large consumption gaps but only by using
emergency livelihood strategies and asset liquidation.
IRISH POTATO FAMINE: SITUATION - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Ireland in 1840's:
-English colony, poor, agricultural country
-English landlords owned most of the land, 40% of Irish worked as landless laborers, only 25% owned
land
-Potatoes were a very large part of the Irish diet. Potatoes w/ buttermilk is very nutritious.
Potato Blight
-A fungus that destroys the crop underground, with at the time no known remedy
-Blight hit half the crop in 1845; destroyed nearly the entire crop in 1846, 1848, and 1849.
-1847 there was a partially successful potato harvest.
, IRISH POTATO FAMINE: EFFECTS AND OUTCOMES - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Irish food markets and trade:
-Ireland both imported and exported food during the famine, perhaps net exporter (?)
-Food prices were high, especially for potatoes, imports of grain from the US helped somewhat
Irish households
Most affected: Landless laborers who lost jobs -Lost their major source of income (potato production)
and had the cost of their major source of food increase
-Many were kicked off their land by landlords due to British colonial policy that taxed landlords to fund
poverty programs. Some landlords also went bankrupt.
-Could receive charity through colonial government "work houses", public works programs, and soup
kitchens
RESULTS : Irish potato famine - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅DEATH (290K TO 1.25 MILLION) &
MIGRATION (1.3 MILLION, MAYBE 40% PERISHED)
SOUTH ASIAN FAMINES: BENGAL FAMINE 1943 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Most affected: Famine victims
were almost all from rural areas- agriculture workers/landless laborers -Bengal was a region of North-
East India under British Colonial rule
-In Bengal, food grain (rice) availability was higher in 1943 (famine year) than in 1941.
-Among rural occupations:
-Farmers were the least affected group
-Agricultural workers (landless) were the most affected group
-Markets: sharp rise in the price of rice in rural areas, some decline in rural wages
Holodomor: Ukrainian Famine 1932 - 1933 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Most impacted: Small farmers that
no longer could make food for themselves -Literally "the death by hunger"
-Soviet Union, which controlled Ukraine sought to collectivize agriculture and provide adequate/cheap
food for urban areas
-Government in charge of "procurement" of grain: seized food stocks
-Collectivization confiscated the means of production from individual farmers (ie land and machinery)
and forced them to work for the collectives
Projections of food production and malnutrition from 1997 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Grain
1997 developed countries : production 800 > Demand 700
1997 developing countries : production 1000 < Demand 1100
2020 Projections
Developed countries : production 1000 > Demand 800
Developing countries : production 1400 < Demand 1700
HOW ARE WE DOING : MALNUTRITION IN AFRICA? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Looks like a pessimistic
scenario.
-Prediction was for 50 million malnourished in 2020
-In 2023, 55 million malnourished
HOW ARE WE DOING ON FOOD PRODUCTION? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Really well !! (according to the
FAO)
Primary Crop production up 54%
Meat production nearly doubled
Milk production up ~50%
Population up only 29%
Daily supply of calories in the world has gone up - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅All parts of the world have
increased their supply of calories by ~25% (except Oceania)
Still African countries are on average barely above the recommended diet
EAT YOUR FRUITS AND VEGETABLES! - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Lots more fruits and vegetables, most up
more than 50%.
-For some reason cabbage production has been flat....
BUT THAT NEW FOOD COMES AT A COST - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Increasing food production comes
from
,-Better seeds
-more inputs (fertilizers, herbicides)
-Better techniques
-Increased land area devoted to agriculture
-Deforestation
Both environmental and health consequences of increased production
INTEGRATED FOOD SECURITY PHASE CLASSIFICATION (IPC) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A Famine
classification (IPC Phase 5) is the highest phase of the IPC Acute Food Insecurity scale, and is attributed
when an area has at least
- 20% of households facing an extreme lack of food,
- 30% of children suffering from acute malnutrition, and
- two people for every 10,000 dying each day due to outright starvation or to the interaction of
malnutrition and disease.
Level 3 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Crisis - marginally able to meet minimum needs but deplete livelihood
assets.
Level 4 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Emergency - Able to mitigate large consumption gaps but only by using
emergency livelihood strategies and asset liquidation.
IRISH POTATO FAMINE: SITUATION - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Ireland in 1840's:
-English colony, poor, agricultural country
-English landlords owned most of the land, 40% of Irish worked as landless laborers, only 25% owned
land
-Potatoes were a very large part of the Irish diet. Potatoes w/ buttermilk is very nutritious.
Potato Blight
-A fungus that destroys the crop underground, with at the time no known remedy
-Blight hit half the crop in 1845; destroyed nearly the entire crop in 1846, 1848, and 1849.
-1847 there was a partially successful potato harvest.
, IRISH POTATO FAMINE: EFFECTS AND OUTCOMES - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Irish food markets and trade:
-Ireland both imported and exported food during the famine, perhaps net exporter (?)
-Food prices were high, especially for potatoes, imports of grain from the US helped somewhat
Irish households
Most affected: Landless laborers who lost jobs -Lost their major source of income (potato production)
and had the cost of their major source of food increase
-Many were kicked off their land by landlords due to British colonial policy that taxed landlords to fund
poverty programs. Some landlords also went bankrupt.
-Could receive charity through colonial government "work houses", public works programs, and soup
kitchens
RESULTS : Irish potato famine - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅DEATH (290K TO 1.25 MILLION) &
MIGRATION (1.3 MILLION, MAYBE 40% PERISHED)
SOUTH ASIAN FAMINES: BENGAL FAMINE 1943 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Most affected: Famine victims
were almost all from rural areas- agriculture workers/landless laborers -Bengal was a region of North-
East India under British Colonial rule
-In Bengal, food grain (rice) availability was higher in 1943 (famine year) than in 1941.
-Among rural occupations:
-Farmers were the least affected group
-Agricultural workers (landless) were the most affected group
-Markets: sharp rise in the price of rice in rural areas, some decline in rural wages
Holodomor: Ukrainian Famine 1932 - 1933 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Most impacted: Small farmers that
no longer could make food for themselves -Literally "the death by hunger"
-Soviet Union, which controlled Ukraine sought to collectivize agriculture and provide adequate/cheap
food for urban areas
-Government in charge of "procurement" of grain: seized food stocks
-Collectivization confiscated the means of production from individual farmers (ie land and machinery)
and forced them to work for the collectives
