Patho Exam 3
(Chapters 10, 12,
13 TEST BANK)
Questions and
Answers Graded
A+
,What happens in the lungs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax?
a. Air is forced out of the lungs.
b. Lung volume increases.
c. Intrapulmonic pressure decreases.
d. Intrapleural pressure decreases. - ANSWER a
The respiratory mucosa is continuous through the:
1. upper and lower respiratory tracts.
2. nasal cavities and the sinuses.
3. nasopharynx and oropharynx.
4. middle ear cavity and auditory tube.
a. 1 only
b. 1, 2
c. 2, 3
d. 1, 3, 4
e. 1, 2, 3, 4 - ANSWER e
Which of the following activities does NOT require muscle contractions and energy?
a. Quiet inspiration
b. Forced inspiration
c. Quiet expiration
d. Forced expiration - ANSWER c
The maximum volume of air a person can exhale after a maximum inspiration is termed
the:
a. expiratory reserve volume.
b. inspiratory reserve volume.
c. total lung capacity.
d. vital capacity. - ANSWER d
Which of the following applies to the blood in the pulmonary artery?
a. PCO2 is low.
b. PO2 is low.
c. Hydrostatic pressure is very high.
d. It is flowing into the left atrium. - ANSWER b
Which of the following causes bronchodilation?
a. Epinephrine
b. Histamine
,c. Parasympathetic nervous system
d. Drugs that block 2-adrenergic receptors - ANSWER a
The central chemoreceptors in the medulla are normally most sensitive to:
a. low oxygen level.
b. low concentration of hydrogen ions.
c. elevated oxygen level.
d. elevated carbon dioxide level. - ANSWER d
Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the blood because:
a. PO2 is higher in the blood.
b. PO2 is lower in the blood.
c. CO2 is diffusing out of the blood.
d. more CO2 is diffusing out of cells into the blood. - ANSWER b
Carbon dioxide is primarily transported in the blood:
a. as dissolved gas.
b. attached to the iron molecule in hemoglobin.
c. as bicarbonate ion.
d. as carbonic acid. - ANSWER c
What would hypercapnia cause?
a. Increased serum pH
b. Decreased respirations
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Decreased carbonic acid in the blood - ANSWER c
Which of the following would result from hyperventilation?
a. Respiratory acidosis
b. Respiratory alkalosis
c. Metabolic alkalosis
d. Metabolic acidosis - ANSWER b
Which of the following values is always decreased with respiratory alkalosis
(compensated or decompensated)?
a. Serum bicarbonate
b. PaCO2
c. Serum pH
d. Urine pH - ANSWER b (Decompensation occurs when compensatory mechanisms
cannot maintain a normal pH range.)
, What would be the most effective compensation for respiratory acidosis?
a. The kidneys eliminating more bicarbonate ions
b. The kidneys producing more bicarbonate ions
c. The kidneys reabsorbing more hydrogen ions
d. An increase in respiratory rate - ANSWER b
What is the acid-base status of a patient with the following values for arterial blood
gases?
Serum bicarbonate 36.5 mmol/L (normal range: 22-28)
PCO2 75 mm Hg (normal range: 35-45)
Serum pH 7.0
a. Compensated metabolic acidosis
b. Decompensated metabolic acidosis
c. Compensated respiratory acidosis
d. Decompensated respiratory acidosis - ANSWER d
(Decompensation occurs when compensatory mechanisms cannot maintain a normal
pH range.)
(Compensatory Mechanisms: When a pathologic condition exists, the pH balance
moves outside of the normal range and the lungs or kidneys compensate.
Compensation is a short-term solution. The goal is to resolve the underlying cause of
the imbalance.)
What does carbaminohemoglobin refer to?
a. Replacement of oxygen by carbon monoxide on hemoglobin molecules
b. Full saturation of all heme molecules by oxygen
c. Carbon dioxide attached to an amino group on the hemoglobin molecule
d. Oxygen combined with iron in the hemoglobin molecule - ANSWER c
Approximately what percentage of bound oxygen is released to the cells for metabolism
during an erythrocyte's journey through the circulatory system?
a. 80%
b. 25%
c. 10%
d. 50% - ANSWER b
The production of yellowish-green, cloudy, thick sputum is often an indication of:
a. bacterial infection.
(Chapters 10, 12,
13 TEST BANK)
Questions and
Answers Graded
A+
,What happens in the lungs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax?
a. Air is forced out of the lungs.
b. Lung volume increases.
c. Intrapulmonic pressure decreases.
d. Intrapleural pressure decreases. - ANSWER a
The respiratory mucosa is continuous through the:
1. upper and lower respiratory tracts.
2. nasal cavities and the sinuses.
3. nasopharynx and oropharynx.
4. middle ear cavity and auditory tube.
a. 1 only
b. 1, 2
c. 2, 3
d. 1, 3, 4
e. 1, 2, 3, 4 - ANSWER e
Which of the following activities does NOT require muscle contractions and energy?
a. Quiet inspiration
b. Forced inspiration
c. Quiet expiration
d. Forced expiration - ANSWER c
The maximum volume of air a person can exhale after a maximum inspiration is termed
the:
a. expiratory reserve volume.
b. inspiratory reserve volume.
c. total lung capacity.
d. vital capacity. - ANSWER d
Which of the following applies to the blood in the pulmonary artery?
a. PCO2 is low.
b. PO2 is low.
c. Hydrostatic pressure is very high.
d. It is flowing into the left atrium. - ANSWER b
Which of the following causes bronchodilation?
a. Epinephrine
b. Histamine
,c. Parasympathetic nervous system
d. Drugs that block 2-adrenergic receptors - ANSWER a
The central chemoreceptors in the medulla are normally most sensitive to:
a. low oxygen level.
b. low concentration of hydrogen ions.
c. elevated oxygen level.
d. elevated carbon dioxide level. - ANSWER d
Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the blood because:
a. PO2 is higher in the blood.
b. PO2 is lower in the blood.
c. CO2 is diffusing out of the blood.
d. more CO2 is diffusing out of cells into the blood. - ANSWER b
Carbon dioxide is primarily transported in the blood:
a. as dissolved gas.
b. attached to the iron molecule in hemoglobin.
c. as bicarbonate ion.
d. as carbonic acid. - ANSWER c
What would hypercapnia cause?
a. Increased serum pH
b. Decreased respirations
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Decreased carbonic acid in the blood - ANSWER c
Which of the following would result from hyperventilation?
a. Respiratory acidosis
b. Respiratory alkalosis
c. Metabolic alkalosis
d. Metabolic acidosis - ANSWER b
Which of the following values is always decreased with respiratory alkalosis
(compensated or decompensated)?
a. Serum bicarbonate
b. PaCO2
c. Serum pH
d. Urine pH - ANSWER b (Decompensation occurs when compensatory mechanisms
cannot maintain a normal pH range.)
, What would be the most effective compensation for respiratory acidosis?
a. The kidneys eliminating more bicarbonate ions
b. The kidneys producing more bicarbonate ions
c. The kidneys reabsorbing more hydrogen ions
d. An increase in respiratory rate - ANSWER b
What is the acid-base status of a patient with the following values for arterial blood
gases?
Serum bicarbonate 36.5 mmol/L (normal range: 22-28)
PCO2 75 mm Hg (normal range: 35-45)
Serum pH 7.0
a. Compensated metabolic acidosis
b. Decompensated metabolic acidosis
c. Compensated respiratory acidosis
d. Decompensated respiratory acidosis - ANSWER d
(Decompensation occurs when compensatory mechanisms cannot maintain a normal
pH range.)
(Compensatory Mechanisms: When a pathologic condition exists, the pH balance
moves outside of the normal range and the lungs or kidneys compensate.
Compensation is a short-term solution. The goal is to resolve the underlying cause of
the imbalance.)
What does carbaminohemoglobin refer to?
a. Replacement of oxygen by carbon monoxide on hemoglobin molecules
b. Full saturation of all heme molecules by oxygen
c. Carbon dioxide attached to an amino group on the hemoglobin molecule
d. Oxygen combined with iron in the hemoglobin molecule - ANSWER c
Approximately what percentage of bound oxygen is released to the cells for metabolism
during an erythrocyte's journey through the circulatory system?
a. 80%
b. 25%
c. 10%
d. 50% - ANSWER b
The production of yellowish-green, cloudy, thick sputum is often an indication of:
a. bacterial infection.
