URINARY ELIMINATION AND SPECIMEN
COLLECTION – NCLEX QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS EXAM (LATEST 2025-2026)
A patient who has pneumonia has had a fever for 3 days. What characteristics
would the nurse anticipate related to the patient's urine output?
a. Decreased and highly concentrated
b. Decreased and highly dilute
c. Increased and concentrated
d. Increased and dilute
a. Fever and diaphoresis cause the kidneys to conserve body fluids. Thus, the urine
is concentrated and decreased in amount.
The health care provider has ordered an indwelling catheter inserted in a
hospitalized male patient. What consideration would the nurse keep in mind when
performing this procedure?
a. The male urethra is more vulnerable to injury during insertion.
b. In the hospital, a clean technique is used for catheter insertion.
c. The catheter is inserted 2 to 3 in into the meatus.
,d. Since it uses a closed system, the risk for UTI is absent.
a. Because of its length, the male urethra is more prone to injury and requires that
the catheter be inserted 6 to 8 in. This procedure requires surgical asepsis to
prevent introducing bacteria into the urinary tract. The presence of an indwelling
catheter places the patient at risk for a UTI.
A nurse is ordered to perform continuous irrigation for a patient with a long-term
urinary catheter. What rationale would the nurse expect for this order?
a. Irrigation of long-term urinary catheters is a routine order.
b. Irrigation is recommended to prevent the introduction of pathogens into the
bladder.
c. A blood clot threatens to block the catheter.
d. It is preferred to irrigate the catheter rather than increase fluid intake by the
patient.
c. The flushing of a tube, canal, or area with solution is called irrigation. Natural
irrigation of the catheter through increased fluid intake by the patient is preferred.
It is preferable to avoid catheter irrigation unless necessary to relieve or prevent
obstruction (Gould et al., 2009; SUNA, 2015a). However, intermittent irrigation is
sometimes prescribed to restore or maintain the patency of the drainage system.
Sediment or debris, as well as blood clots, might block the catheter, preventing the
flow of urine out of the catheter.
A nurse caring for patients in a long-term care facility is often required to collect
urine specimens from patients for laboratory testing. Which techniques for urine
collection are performed correctly? Select all that apply.
,a. The nurse catheterizes a patient to collect a sterile urine sample for routine
urinalysis.
b. The nurse collects a clean-catch urine specimen in the morning from a patient
and stores it at room temperature until an afternoon pick-up.
c. The nurse collects a sterile urine specimen from the collection receptacle of a
patient's indwelling catheter.
d. The nurse collects about 3 mL of urine from a patient's indwelling catheter to
send for a urine culture.
e. The nurse collects a urine specimen from a patient with a urinary diversion by
catheterizing the stoma.
f. The nurse discards the first urine of the day when performing a 24-hour urine
specimen collection on a patient.
d, e, f. A urine culture requires about 3 mL of urine, whereas routine urinalysis
requires at least 10 mL of urine. The preferred method of collecting a urine
specimen from a urinary diversion is to catheterize the stoma. For a 24-hour urine
specimen, the nurse should discard the first voiding, then collect all urine voided
for the next 24 hours. A sterile urine specimen is not required for a routine
urinalysis. Urine chemistry is altered after urine stands at room temperature for a
long period of time. A specimen from the collecting receptacle (drainage bag) may
not be fresh urine and could result in an inaccurate analysis.
A nurse caring for patients in an extended-care facility performs regular
assessments of the patients' urinary functioning. Which patients would the nurse
screen for urinary retention? Select all that apply.
, a. A 78-year-old male patient diagnosed with an enlarged prostate
b. An 83-year-old female patient who is on bedrest
c. A 75-year-old female patient who is diagnosed with vaginal prolapse
d. An 89-year-old male patient who has dementia
e. A 73-year-old female patient who is taking antihistamines to treat allergies
f. A 90-year-old male patient who has difficulty walking to the bathroom
a, c, e. Urinary retention occurs when urine is produced normally but is not
excreted completely from the bladder. Factors associated with urinary retention
include medications such as antihistamines, an enlarged prostate, or vaginal
prolapse. Being on bedrest, having dementia, and having difficulty walking to the
bathroom may place patients at risk for urinary incontinence.
A nurse is preparing a brochure to teach patients how to prevent UTIs. Which
teaching points would the nurse include? Select all that apply.
a. Wear underwear with a synthetic crotch
b. Take baths rather than showers
c. Drink 8 to 10 8-oz glasses of water per day
d. Drink a glass of water before and after intercourse and void afterward
e. Dry the perineal area after urination or defecation from the front to the back
f. Observe the urine for color, amount, odor, and frequency
c, e, f. It is recommended that a healthy adult drink 8 to 10 8-oz glasses of fluid
daily, dry the perineal area after urination or defecation from the front to the back,
COLLECTION – NCLEX QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS EXAM (LATEST 2025-2026)
A patient who has pneumonia has had a fever for 3 days. What characteristics
would the nurse anticipate related to the patient's urine output?
a. Decreased and highly concentrated
b. Decreased and highly dilute
c. Increased and concentrated
d. Increased and dilute
a. Fever and diaphoresis cause the kidneys to conserve body fluids. Thus, the urine
is concentrated and decreased in amount.
The health care provider has ordered an indwelling catheter inserted in a
hospitalized male patient. What consideration would the nurse keep in mind when
performing this procedure?
a. The male urethra is more vulnerable to injury during insertion.
b. In the hospital, a clean technique is used for catheter insertion.
c. The catheter is inserted 2 to 3 in into the meatus.
,d. Since it uses a closed system, the risk for UTI is absent.
a. Because of its length, the male urethra is more prone to injury and requires that
the catheter be inserted 6 to 8 in. This procedure requires surgical asepsis to
prevent introducing bacteria into the urinary tract. The presence of an indwelling
catheter places the patient at risk for a UTI.
A nurse is ordered to perform continuous irrigation for a patient with a long-term
urinary catheter. What rationale would the nurse expect for this order?
a. Irrigation of long-term urinary catheters is a routine order.
b. Irrigation is recommended to prevent the introduction of pathogens into the
bladder.
c. A blood clot threatens to block the catheter.
d. It is preferred to irrigate the catheter rather than increase fluid intake by the
patient.
c. The flushing of a tube, canal, or area with solution is called irrigation. Natural
irrigation of the catheter through increased fluid intake by the patient is preferred.
It is preferable to avoid catheter irrigation unless necessary to relieve or prevent
obstruction (Gould et al., 2009; SUNA, 2015a). However, intermittent irrigation is
sometimes prescribed to restore or maintain the patency of the drainage system.
Sediment or debris, as well as blood clots, might block the catheter, preventing the
flow of urine out of the catheter.
A nurse caring for patients in a long-term care facility is often required to collect
urine specimens from patients for laboratory testing. Which techniques for urine
collection are performed correctly? Select all that apply.
,a. The nurse catheterizes a patient to collect a sterile urine sample for routine
urinalysis.
b. The nurse collects a clean-catch urine specimen in the morning from a patient
and stores it at room temperature until an afternoon pick-up.
c. The nurse collects a sterile urine specimen from the collection receptacle of a
patient's indwelling catheter.
d. The nurse collects about 3 mL of urine from a patient's indwelling catheter to
send for a urine culture.
e. The nurse collects a urine specimen from a patient with a urinary diversion by
catheterizing the stoma.
f. The nurse discards the first urine of the day when performing a 24-hour urine
specimen collection on a patient.
d, e, f. A urine culture requires about 3 mL of urine, whereas routine urinalysis
requires at least 10 mL of urine. The preferred method of collecting a urine
specimen from a urinary diversion is to catheterize the stoma. For a 24-hour urine
specimen, the nurse should discard the first voiding, then collect all urine voided
for the next 24 hours. A sterile urine specimen is not required for a routine
urinalysis. Urine chemistry is altered after urine stands at room temperature for a
long period of time. A specimen from the collecting receptacle (drainage bag) may
not be fresh urine and could result in an inaccurate analysis.
A nurse caring for patients in an extended-care facility performs regular
assessments of the patients' urinary functioning. Which patients would the nurse
screen for urinary retention? Select all that apply.
, a. A 78-year-old male patient diagnosed with an enlarged prostate
b. An 83-year-old female patient who is on bedrest
c. A 75-year-old female patient who is diagnosed with vaginal prolapse
d. An 89-year-old male patient who has dementia
e. A 73-year-old female patient who is taking antihistamines to treat allergies
f. A 90-year-old male patient who has difficulty walking to the bathroom
a, c, e. Urinary retention occurs when urine is produced normally but is not
excreted completely from the bladder. Factors associated with urinary retention
include medications such as antihistamines, an enlarged prostate, or vaginal
prolapse. Being on bedrest, having dementia, and having difficulty walking to the
bathroom may place patients at risk for urinary incontinence.
A nurse is preparing a brochure to teach patients how to prevent UTIs. Which
teaching points would the nurse include? Select all that apply.
a. Wear underwear with a synthetic crotch
b. Take baths rather than showers
c. Drink 8 to 10 8-oz glasses of water per day
d. Drink a glass of water before and after intercourse and void afterward
e. Dry the perineal area after urination or defecation from the front to the back
f. Observe the urine for color, amount, odor, and frequency
c, e, f. It is recommended that a healthy adult drink 8 to 10 8-oz glasses of fluid
daily, dry the perineal area after urination or defecation from the front to the back,
