,Chapter 01: Health Defined: Objectives For Promotion And Prevention
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which Model Of Health Is Most Likely Used By A Person Who Does Not Believe In Preventive
Health Care?
A. Clinical Model
B. Role Performance Model
C. Adaptive Model
D. Eudemonistic Model
ANSWER: A
The Clinical Model Of Health Views The Absence Of Signs And Symptoms Of Disease As Indicative Of
Health. People Who Use This Model Wait Until They Are Very Sick To Seek Care.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Remember
(Knowledge) REFER TO; PAGE. 3
2. A Person With Chronic Back Pain Is Cared For By Her Primary Care Provider As Well As Receives
Acupuncture. Which Model Of Health Does This Person Likely Favor?
A. Clinical Model
B. Role Performance Model
C. Adaptive Model
D. Eudaimonistic Model
ANSWER: D
The Eudaimonistic Model Embodies The Interaction And Interrelationships Among Physical, Social,
Psychological, And Spiritual Aspects Of Life And The Environment In Goal Attainment And Creating
Meaning In Life. Practitioners Who Practice The Clinical Model May Not Be Enough For Someone Who
,Believes In The Eudaimonistic Model. Those Who Believe In The Eudaimonistic Model Often Look For
Alternative Providers Of Care.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Apply (Application) REFER TO; PAGE. 3
3. A State Of Physical, Mental, Spiritual, And Social Functioning That Realizes A Person’s Potential
And Is Experienced Within A Developmental Context Is Known As:
A. Growth And Development.
B. Health.
C. Functioning.
D. High-Level Wellness.
ANSWER: B
Health Is Defined As A State Of Physical, Mental, Spiritual, And Social Functioning That Realizes A
Person’s Potential And Is Experienced Within A Developmental Context.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Remember
(Knowledge) REFER TO; PAGE. 5
4. Which Of The Following Best Describes A Client Who Has An Illness?
A. Someone Who Has Well-Controlled Diabetes
B. Someone With Hypercholesterolemia
C. Someone With A Headache
D. Someone With Coronary Artery Disease Without Angina
ANSWER: C
Someone With A Headache Represents A Person With An Illness. An Illness Is Made Up Of The Subjective
Experience Of The Individual And The Physical Manifestation Of Disease. It Can Be Described As A
Response Characterized By A Mismatch Between A Person’s Needs And The Resources Available To
,Meet Those Needs. A Person Can Have A Disease Without Feeling Ill. The Other Choices Represent
Disease.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Analyze (Analysis)
REFER TO; PAGE. 6
5. Which US Report Is Considered A Landmark Document In Creating A Global Approach To Health?
A. The 1990 Health Objectives For The Nation: A Midcourse Review
B. Healthy People 2020
C. Healthy People 2000
D. The U.S. Surgeon General Report
ANSWER: C
Healthy People 2000 And Its Midcourse Review And 1995 Revisions Were Landmark Documents In
Which A Consortium Of People Representing National Organizations Worked With US Public Health
Service Officials To Create A More Global Approach To Health.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Remember
(Knowledge) REFER TO; PAGE. 6
6. Which Of The Following Represents A Method Of Primary Prevention?
A. Informational Session About Healthy Lifestyles
B. Blood Pressure Screening
C. Interventional Cardiac Catheterization
D. Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization
ANSWER: A
,Primary Prevention Precedes Disease Or Dysfunction. It Includes Health Promotion And Specific
Protection And Encourages Increased Awareness; Thus, Education About Healthy Lifestyles Fits This
Definition. Blood Pressure Screening Does Not Prevent Disease, But Instead Identifies It.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Apply (Application) REFER TO; PAGE. 11
7. Which Of The Following Represents A Method Of Secondary Prevention?
A. Self–Breast Examination Education
B. Yearly Mammograms
C. Chemotherapy For Advanced Breast Cancer
D. Complete Mastectomy For Breast Cancer
ANSWER: B
Screening Is Secondary Prevention Because The Principal Goal Of Screenings Is To Identify Individuals In
An Early, Detectable Stage Of The Disease Process. A Mammogram Is A Screening Tool For Breast Cancer
And Thus Is Considered A Method Of Secondary Prevention.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Apply (Application) REFER TO; PAGE. 15
8. Which Of The Following Represents A Method Of Tertiary Prevention?
A. Drunk Driving Campaign
B. Road Blocks For Drunk Driving
C. Emergency Surgery For Head Trauma After A Motor Vehicle Accident
D. Physical And Occupational Therapy After A Motor Vehicle Accident With Head
Trauma ANSWER: D
,Physical Therapy And Occupational Therapy Are Considered Tertiary Prevention. Tertiary Prevention
Occurs When A Defect Or Disability Is Permanent And Irreversible. It Involves Minimizing The Effect Of
Disease And Disability. The Objective Of Tertiary Prevention Is To Maximize Remaining Capacities.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Apply (Application) REFER TO; PAGE. 15
9. In Reviewing A Person’s Medical Claims, A NURSE Realizes That The Individual With Moderate
Persistent Asthma Hashad Several Emergency Department Visits And Is Not On Inhaled Steroids As
Recommended By The NHLBI Asthma Management Guidelines. The NURSE Discusses This With The
Person’s Primary Care Provider. In This Scenario, The NURSE Is Acting As A(N):
A. Advocate.
B. Care Manager.
C. Consultant.
D. Educator.
ANSWER: B
Care Managers Act To Prevent Duplication Of Service And Reduce Cost. Care Managers Base
Recommendation On Reliable Data Sources Such As Evidence-Based Practices And Protocols.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Apply (Application) REFER TO; PAGE. 15
10. During A Home Visit, A NURSE Assists An Individual To Complete An Application For Disability
Services. The Nurseis Acting As A(N):
A. Advocate.
B. Care Manager.
C. Consultant.
D. Educator.
ANSWER: A
,The Advocacy Role Of The NURSE Helps Individuals Obtain What They Are Entitled To Receive From The
Health Care System, Tries To Make The System More Responsive To Individuals’ Community Needs, And
Assists Individuals Indeveloping Skills To Advocate For Themselves.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Apply (Application) REFER TO; PAGE. 15
11. During A Home Visit, A NURSE Discusses The Dangers Of Smoking With An Individual. In This
Scenario The Nurseis Acting As A(N):
A. Advocate.
B. Care Manager.
C. Consultant.
D. Educator.
ANSWER: D
Health Education Is A Primary Prevention Technique Available To Avoid Major Causes Of Disease.
Teaching Can Range From A Chance Remark To A Planned Lesson.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Apply (Application) REFER TO; PAGE. 16
12. A NURSE Is Asked To Provide An Expert Opinion About The Development Of An Education
Program Fornewly Diagnosed Diabetics. In This Scenario, The NURSE Is Acting As A(N):
A. Advocate.
B. Care Manager.
C. Consultant.
D. Educator.
ANSWER: C
NURSES With A Specialized Area Of Expertise Provide Education About Health Promotion And Disease
Prevention Toindividuals And Groups As Consultants.
, DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Apply (Application) REFER TO; PAGE. 16
13. A NURSE Is Planning To Deliver An Educational Program To Individuals With Diabetes. Which Of
Thefollowing Should Be The Initial Action Taken By The NURSE To Ensure The Success Of The Program?
A. Assess The Motivation Level Of The Individuals
B. Assess The Knowledge Level Of The Individuals
C. Establish Teacher-Learner Goals With The Individuals
D. Establish Multiple Teaching Sessions With The Individuals
ANSWER: B
Selection Of The Methods Most Likely To Succeed Involves The Establishment Of Teacher-Learner Goals.
Thus, The First Step By The NURSE Should Be Establishment Of Goals.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Analyze (Analysis)
REFER TO; PAGE. 16
14. The Conscientious, Explicit, And Judicious Use Of Current Best Evidence In Making Decisions
About The Care Of Individuals Is Known As:
A. Health-Related Quality Of Life.
B. Evidence-Based Practice.
C. A Healthy People 2010 Goal.
D. The Ecological Model Of Health.
ANSWER: B
Evidence-Based Practice Is Defined As The Conscientious, Explicit, And Judicious Use Of Current Best
Evidence In Making Decisions About The Care Of Individuals.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Remember
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which Model Of Health Is Most Likely Used By A Person Who Does Not Believe In Preventive
Health Care?
A. Clinical Model
B. Role Performance Model
C. Adaptive Model
D. Eudemonistic Model
ANSWER: A
The Clinical Model Of Health Views The Absence Of Signs And Symptoms Of Disease As Indicative Of
Health. People Who Use This Model Wait Until They Are Very Sick To Seek Care.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Remember
(Knowledge) REFER TO; PAGE. 3
2. A Person With Chronic Back Pain Is Cared For By Her Primary Care Provider As Well As Receives
Acupuncture. Which Model Of Health Does This Person Likely Favor?
A. Clinical Model
B. Role Performance Model
C. Adaptive Model
D. Eudaimonistic Model
ANSWER: D
The Eudaimonistic Model Embodies The Interaction And Interrelationships Among Physical, Social,
Psychological, And Spiritual Aspects Of Life And The Environment In Goal Attainment And Creating
Meaning In Life. Practitioners Who Practice The Clinical Model May Not Be Enough For Someone Who
,Believes In The Eudaimonistic Model. Those Who Believe In The Eudaimonistic Model Often Look For
Alternative Providers Of Care.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Apply (Application) REFER TO; PAGE. 3
3. A State Of Physical, Mental, Spiritual, And Social Functioning That Realizes A Person’s Potential
And Is Experienced Within A Developmental Context Is Known As:
A. Growth And Development.
B. Health.
C. Functioning.
D. High-Level Wellness.
ANSWER: B
Health Is Defined As A State Of Physical, Mental, Spiritual, And Social Functioning That Realizes A
Person’s Potential And Is Experienced Within A Developmental Context.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Remember
(Knowledge) REFER TO; PAGE. 5
4. Which Of The Following Best Describes A Client Who Has An Illness?
A. Someone Who Has Well-Controlled Diabetes
B. Someone With Hypercholesterolemia
C. Someone With A Headache
D. Someone With Coronary Artery Disease Without Angina
ANSWER: C
Someone With A Headache Represents A Person With An Illness. An Illness Is Made Up Of The Subjective
Experience Of The Individual And The Physical Manifestation Of Disease. It Can Be Described As A
Response Characterized By A Mismatch Between A Person’s Needs And The Resources Available To
,Meet Those Needs. A Person Can Have A Disease Without Feeling Ill. The Other Choices Represent
Disease.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Analyze (Analysis)
REFER TO; PAGE. 6
5. Which US Report Is Considered A Landmark Document In Creating A Global Approach To Health?
A. The 1990 Health Objectives For The Nation: A Midcourse Review
B. Healthy People 2020
C. Healthy People 2000
D. The U.S. Surgeon General Report
ANSWER: C
Healthy People 2000 And Its Midcourse Review And 1995 Revisions Were Landmark Documents In
Which A Consortium Of People Representing National Organizations Worked With US Public Health
Service Officials To Create A More Global Approach To Health.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Remember
(Knowledge) REFER TO; PAGE. 6
6. Which Of The Following Represents A Method Of Primary Prevention?
A. Informational Session About Healthy Lifestyles
B. Blood Pressure Screening
C. Interventional Cardiac Catheterization
D. Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization
ANSWER: A
,Primary Prevention Precedes Disease Or Dysfunction. It Includes Health Promotion And Specific
Protection And Encourages Increased Awareness; Thus, Education About Healthy Lifestyles Fits This
Definition. Blood Pressure Screening Does Not Prevent Disease, But Instead Identifies It.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Apply (Application) REFER TO; PAGE. 11
7. Which Of The Following Represents A Method Of Secondary Prevention?
A. Self–Breast Examination Education
B. Yearly Mammograms
C. Chemotherapy For Advanced Breast Cancer
D. Complete Mastectomy For Breast Cancer
ANSWER: B
Screening Is Secondary Prevention Because The Principal Goal Of Screenings Is To Identify Individuals In
An Early, Detectable Stage Of The Disease Process. A Mammogram Is A Screening Tool For Breast Cancer
And Thus Is Considered A Method Of Secondary Prevention.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Apply (Application) REFER TO; PAGE. 15
8. Which Of The Following Represents A Method Of Tertiary Prevention?
A. Drunk Driving Campaign
B. Road Blocks For Drunk Driving
C. Emergency Surgery For Head Trauma After A Motor Vehicle Accident
D. Physical And Occupational Therapy After A Motor Vehicle Accident With Head
Trauma ANSWER: D
,Physical Therapy And Occupational Therapy Are Considered Tertiary Prevention. Tertiary Prevention
Occurs When A Defect Or Disability Is Permanent And Irreversible. It Involves Minimizing The Effect Of
Disease And Disability. The Objective Of Tertiary Prevention Is To Maximize Remaining Capacities.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Apply (Application) REFER TO; PAGE. 15
9. In Reviewing A Person’s Medical Claims, A NURSE Realizes That The Individual With Moderate
Persistent Asthma Hashad Several Emergency Department Visits And Is Not On Inhaled Steroids As
Recommended By The NHLBI Asthma Management Guidelines. The NURSE Discusses This With The
Person’s Primary Care Provider. In This Scenario, The NURSE Is Acting As A(N):
A. Advocate.
B. Care Manager.
C. Consultant.
D. Educator.
ANSWER: B
Care Managers Act To Prevent Duplication Of Service And Reduce Cost. Care Managers Base
Recommendation On Reliable Data Sources Such As Evidence-Based Practices And Protocols.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Apply (Application) REFER TO; PAGE. 15
10. During A Home Visit, A NURSE Assists An Individual To Complete An Application For Disability
Services. The Nurseis Acting As A(N):
A. Advocate.
B. Care Manager.
C. Consultant.
D. Educator.
ANSWER: A
,The Advocacy Role Of The NURSE Helps Individuals Obtain What They Are Entitled To Receive From The
Health Care System, Tries To Make The System More Responsive To Individuals’ Community Needs, And
Assists Individuals Indeveloping Skills To Advocate For Themselves.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Apply (Application) REFER TO; PAGE. 15
11. During A Home Visit, A NURSE Discusses The Dangers Of Smoking With An Individual. In This
Scenario The Nurseis Acting As A(N):
A. Advocate.
B. Care Manager.
C. Consultant.
D. Educator.
ANSWER: D
Health Education Is A Primary Prevention Technique Available To Avoid Major Causes Of Disease.
Teaching Can Range From A Chance Remark To A Planned Lesson.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Apply (Application) REFER TO; PAGE. 16
12. A NURSE Is Asked To Provide An Expert Opinion About The Development Of An Education
Program Fornewly Diagnosed Diabetics. In This Scenario, The NURSE Is Acting As A(N):
A. Advocate.
B. Care Manager.
C. Consultant.
D. Educator.
ANSWER: C
NURSES With A Specialized Area Of Expertise Provide Education About Health Promotion And Disease
Prevention Toindividuals And Groups As Consultants.
, DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Apply (Application) REFER TO; PAGE. 16
13. A NURSE Is Planning To Deliver An Educational Program To Individuals With Diabetes. Which Of
Thefollowing Should Be The Initial Action Taken By The NURSE To Ensure The Success Of The Program?
A. Assess The Motivation Level Of The Individuals
B. Assess The Knowledge Level Of The Individuals
C. Establish Teacher-Learner Goals With The Individuals
D. Establish Multiple Teaching Sessions With The Individuals
ANSWER: B
Selection Of The Methods Most Likely To Succeed Involves The Establishment Of Teacher-Learner Goals.
Thus, The First Step By The NURSE Should Be Establishment Of Goals.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Analyze (Analysis)
REFER TO; PAGE. 16
14. The Conscientious, Explicit, And Judicious Use Of Current Best Evidence In Making Decisions
About The Care Of Individuals Is Known As:
A. Health-Related Quality Of Life.
B. Evidence-Based Practice.
C. A Healthy People 2010 Goal.
D. The Ecological Model Of Health.
ANSWER: B
Evidence-Based Practice Is Defined As The Conscientious, Explicit, And Judicious Use Of Current Best
Evidence In Making Decisions About The Care Of Individuals.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Remember
