Infant and Child Development -
Rutgers Final Exam Questions with
Correct Answers
Nursery rhymes are particularly good at fostering which of the following prereading
skills? - ANSWERSPhonemic awareness / phonological awareness
Children learning to read Chinese... - ANSWERSuse different parts of the cortex than
children learning to read alphabetic languages
Which of the following variables is most strongly associated with children's reading
achievement? - ANSWERSthe amount of reading parents do to and with children
Pre-school children who have difficulty repeating a series of nonsense words, such as
"fep, bew, vot, cip, dat, jal, nur" may have problems with...? - ANSWERSLearning to
read when they enter school
Phonemic Awareness
The phonological loop (auditory working memory)
Most gifted children... - ANSWERSgave unusual learning and performance ability in a
single domain
As children use addition strategies more frequently, they become: - ANSWERSmore
likely to use retrieval
Educational interventions for children with dyslexia are most likely to be effective if ... -
ANSWERSBegin early and are sustained
Focus in strategies that enhance phonological recoding
Encourage greatly increased time spent reading
Entering school with a poor vocabulary - ANSWERSIncreases risk for reading difficulty
Which arithmetic strategies is the fastest? - ANSWERSRetrieval
The first useful test of intelligence was developed - ANSWERSIn the late 19th century
and early 20th century in Paris
By Binet with the assistance of Simone and Piaget
To predict school performance of young children
Children with finger agnosia ... - ANSWERSare likely to have difficulty learning basic
mathematic facts and skills
,Learning to write skillfully is difficult because it requires that children have content
knowledge, the ability to understand a reader's perspective, the ability to plan a
paragraph or essay and - ANSWERShave very large vocabularies
The Flynn effect in intelligence test scores... - ANSWERSis a steady increase, over
years, in the number of questions answered correctly, requiring reforming
The critical skill for second and third grade readers, developing fluency in reading
simple material, depends on... - ANSWERSautomating lexical access
What is an example of the metacognitive understanding necessary for writing? -
ANSWERSAppreciation for the need to plan
Mary Ainsworth's laboratory test used for measuring infants' attachment to their
caregivers is referred to as the: - ANSWERSStrange Situation
Annalee is three years old. If asked to describe herself, which of the following
statements is she LEAST likely to say?
A. "I have brown hair."
B. "I am a great dancer. See, I can do a pirouette."
C. "I love to go apple-picking."
D. "My sister is a faster runner than me." - ANSWERSMy sister is a faster runner than
me
The majority of middle-class infants in the United States fall into which attachment
category? - ANSWERSSecure
Object relation theory concerns infants' - ANSWERSRepresentations of important
people, particularly the mother, and their relationship to the infant
Attachments are - ANSWERSenduring emotional bonds formed by children to their
primary caregivers
In the Strange Situation, baby Jacob plays actively with the toys in the room,
occasionally looking back to check on his mother, and is mildly distressed when his
mother leaves the room, but he is easily comforted by her return. Jacob falls into which
attachment category? - ANSWERSSecure
Compared to children who were insecurely attached as infants, children who were
securely attached as infants demonstrate: - ANSWERSMore social competence
Less aggression
Better ability to understand others emotions
OWhen baby Joseph cries, he is easily comforted by his mother. He is comforted just as
easily by his father, his grandparents, and his babysitter, as well as by strangers.
, Bowlby would consider Joseph to be in which phase of the development of attachment?
- ANSWERSPre attachment
Children who were securely attached as infants and those who were insecurely
attached as infants are most likely to differ in their peer relationships because of
differences in: - ANSWERSInternal working models
Mothers who do not respond to their infants' attempts at physical closeness and who
are emotionally unavailable are more likely than other mothers to have infants who are:
- ANSWERSInsecure/Avoidant
Which attachment category is often associated with infants who are physically abused?
- ANSWERSDisorganized/Distressed
Insecure/resistant infants are also referred to as: - ANSWERSAmbivalent
In the Strange Situation, baby Olivia clings to her mother, plays little with the toys in the
room, and is extremely distressed when her mother leaves the room. When her mother
returns to the room and picks her up, Olivia arches her back to get away from her
mother. Olivia falls into which attachment category? - ANSWERSInsecure/Resistant
Which of the following is NOT a necessary component of children's ethnic identity?
A. ethnic knowledge
B. ethnic feelings and preferences
C. ethnic self-identification
D. ethnic constancy
E. ethnic pride - ANSWERSEthnic Pride
In comparison with U.S. infants, Japanese infants appear to be ______ likely to be
securely attached, ______ likely to be insecure/resistant, and ______ likely to be
insecure/avoidant.
A. as; less; more
B. more; less; less
C. less; more; more
D. as; more; less - ANSWERSas; more; less
Young children have difficulty understanding that plants are alive because children
equate being alive with: - ANSWERSBeing able to move
A study by Taylor demonstrated that, compared to children who do not have imaginary
companions, those who do have imaginary companions: - ANSWERSHave more
advanced theories of mind
The realization that sets of particular numbers of objects, say five, have something in
common is referred to as: - ANSWERSNumerical Equality
Rutgers Final Exam Questions with
Correct Answers
Nursery rhymes are particularly good at fostering which of the following prereading
skills? - ANSWERSPhonemic awareness / phonological awareness
Children learning to read Chinese... - ANSWERSuse different parts of the cortex than
children learning to read alphabetic languages
Which of the following variables is most strongly associated with children's reading
achievement? - ANSWERSthe amount of reading parents do to and with children
Pre-school children who have difficulty repeating a series of nonsense words, such as
"fep, bew, vot, cip, dat, jal, nur" may have problems with...? - ANSWERSLearning to
read when they enter school
Phonemic Awareness
The phonological loop (auditory working memory)
Most gifted children... - ANSWERSgave unusual learning and performance ability in a
single domain
As children use addition strategies more frequently, they become: - ANSWERSmore
likely to use retrieval
Educational interventions for children with dyslexia are most likely to be effective if ... -
ANSWERSBegin early and are sustained
Focus in strategies that enhance phonological recoding
Encourage greatly increased time spent reading
Entering school with a poor vocabulary - ANSWERSIncreases risk for reading difficulty
Which arithmetic strategies is the fastest? - ANSWERSRetrieval
The first useful test of intelligence was developed - ANSWERSIn the late 19th century
and early 20th century in Paris
By Binet with the assistance of Simone and Piaget
To predict school performance of young children
Children with finger agnosia ... - ANSWERSare likely to have difficulty learning basic
mathematic facts and skills
,Learning to write skillfully is difficult because it requires that children have content
knowledge, the ability to understand a reader's perspective, the ability to plan a
paragraph or essay and - ANSWERShave very large vocabularies
The Flynn effect in intelligence test scores... - ANSWERSis a steady increase, over
years, in the number of questions answered correctly, requiring reforming
The critical skill for second and third grade readers, developing fluency in reading
simple material, depends on... - ANSWERSautomating lexical access
What is an example of the metacognitive understanding necessary for writing? -
ANSWERSAppreciation for the need to plan
Mary Ainsworth's laboratory test used for measuring infants' attachment to their
caregivers is referred to as the: - ANSWERSStrange Situation
Annalee is three years old. If asked to describe herself, which of the following
statements is she LEAST likely to say?
A. "I have brown hair."
B. "I am a great dancer. See, I can do a pirouette."
C. "I love to go apple-picking."
D. "My sister is a faster runner than me." - ANSWERSMy sister is a faster runner than
me
The majority of middle-class infants in the United States fall into which attachment
category? - ANSWERSSecure
Object relation theory concerns infants' - ANSWERSRepresentations of important
people, particularly the mother, and their relationship to the infant
Attachments are - ANSWERSenduring emotional bonds formed by children to their
primary caregivers
In the Strange Situation, baby Jacob plays actively with the toys in the room,
occasionally looking back to check on his mother, and is mildly distressed when his
mother leaves the room, but he is easily comforted by her return. Jacob falls into which
attachment category? - ANSWERSSecure
Compared to children who were insecurely attached as infants, children who were
securely attached as infants demonstrate: - ANSWERSMore social competence
Less aggression
Better ability to understand others emotions
OWhen baby Joseph cries, he is easily comforted by his mother. He is comforted just as
easily by his father, his grandparents, and his babysitter, as well as by strangers.
, Bowlby would consider Joseph to be in which phase of the development of attachment?
- ANSWERSPre attachment
Children who were securely attached as infants and those who were insecurely
attached as infants are most likely to differ in their peer relationships because of
differences in: - ANSWERSInternal working models
Mothers who do not respond to their infants' attempts at physical closeness and who
are emotionally unavailable are more likely than other mothers to have infants who are:
- ANSWERSInsecure/Avoidant
Which attachment category is often associated with infants who are physically abused?
- ANSWERSDisorganized/Distressed
Insecure/resistant infants are also referred to as: - ANSWERSAmbivalent
In the Strange Situation, baby Olivia clings to her mother, plays little with the toys in the
room, and is extremely distressed when her mother leaves the room. When her mother
returns to the room and picks her up, Olivia arches her back to get away from her
mother. Olivia falls into which attachment category? - ANSWERSInsecure/Resistant
Which of the following is NOT a necessary component of children's ethnic identity?
A. ethnic knowledge
B. ethnic feelings and preferences
C. ethnic self-identification
D. ethnic constancy
E. ethnic pride - ANSWERSEthnic Pride
In comparison with U.S. infants, Japanese infants appear to be ______ likely to be
securely attached, ______ likely to be insecure/resistant, and ______ likely to be
insecure/avoidant.
A. as; less; more
B. more; less; less
C. less; more; more
D. as; more; less - ANSWERSas; more; less
Young children have difficulty understanding that plants are alive because children
equate being alive with: - ANSWERSBeing able to move
A study by Taylor demonstrated that, compared to children who do not have imaginary
companions, those who do have imaginary companions: - ANSWERSHave more
advanced theories of mind
The realization that sets of particular numbers of objects, say five, have something in
common is referred to as: - ANSWERSNumerical Equality
