MICROBIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
CORRECT 100%
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was the first person in history to - ANSWERView protozoa
and bacteria
The control of infectious disease remains challenging a century after the understanding
of infectious disease began. What contributes to the continuing challenge? -
ANSWERBoth drug-resistant pathogens and emerging disease
Microorganisms characterized by the absence of a nucleus are called -
ANSWERProkaryotes
Which of the following statements concerning Koch's postulates is false? - ANSWERA
suspected pathogen must be found in the majority of individuals with a particular
disease.
Robert Koch's contributions to the foundations of modern microbiology include -
ANSWERDeveloping methods for isolation and identification of bacteria.
Identification of bacteria in the laboratory usually begins with the ________ for
placement in one of two large groups of bacteria. - ANSWERGram stain
The work of Lister, Nightingale, and Semmelweis all contributed to controlling infectious
disease by - ANSWERDeveloping methods for reducing nosocomial infections.
The study of the occurrence, distribution, and spread of disease is known as -
ANSWEREpidemiology.
Edward Jenner's efforts to prevent smallpox provided the foundation for the field of -
ANSWERImmunology.
Whose search for chemicals that would kill microbes without harming humans was the
foundation for chemotherapy? - ANSWEREhrlich
The term for the use of microorganisms to restore damaged environments is -
ANSWERBioremediation
The acid-fast stain is used to stain - ANSWERbacteria with waxy cell walls.
(Mycobacterium and Nocardia)
All of the following are common to both the Gram stain and the acid-fast stain EXCEPT
- ANSWERA mordant
,A useful unit for measuring the size of most cells is - ANSWERMicrometers
Which of the following are magnifying lenses? - ANSWERBoth the objective and the
ocular
The light source in a ________ microscope is ultraviolet (UV) light. -
ANSWERFluorescent
You are shown a micrograph from a light microscope in which the specimens appear
bright compared to the background. The micrograph is probably from a(n) ________
microscope. - ANSWERDark- field
Unstained cells that lack pigment are best observed on the ________ microscope. -
ANSWERPhase-contrast
High resolution images of the internal structures of microbial cells are obtained using
________ microscopes. - ANSWERTransmission electron
If a microbiology lab student left the safranin out of the Gram stain procedure, what
would be the result? - ANSWERGram-positive cells would be purple and Gram-negative
cells would be colorless.
Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of
acid-fast bacteria? - ANSWERMycolic acid
Some bacteria have an outer layer composed of ________ that protects them from
desiccation and allows them to adhere to surfaces. - ANSWEREither polypeptides or
polysaccharides
Which of the following prokaryotic cells contain an outer membrane? - ANSWERGram-
negative bacteria only
Carl Woese proposed the concept of the domain based on differences of which of the
following cellular molecules? - ANSWERribosomal RNA (rRNA)
The Gram stain works because of differences in the ________ of bacteria. -
ANSWERCell walls
Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding modern taxonomy? -
ANSWERModern classifications reflect evolutionary relationships of organisms.
In the Gram stain procedure, iodine serves as a - ANSWERMordant
Which of the following is the correct order, from largest to smallest, of the modern
taxonomic hierarchy? - ANSWERDomain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family,
Genus, Species
, Which of the following may have cell walls containing teichoic acids? - ANSWERGram-
positive bacteria
Which of the following bacterial cell structures plays an important role in the creation of
biofilms? - ANSWERBoth fimbriae and glycocalyces
What anchors the bacterial flagellum to the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane? -
ANSWERThe basal body
A bacterial cell moving toward light would be an example of - ANSWERPositive
phototaxis
Which of the following statements concerning fimbriae is TRUE? - ANSWERBacteria
use fimbriae to attach to surfaces.
Lipid A is a component of - ANSWERLipopolysaccharides
The cells illustrated in the figure above are in a(n) ________ environment (Figure 3-1) -
ANSWERhypotonic
The best method for preserving bacterial cells in storage for decades is -
ANSWERlyophilization
A fastidious organism might be grown on which of the following types of media? -
ANSWEREnriched media
MacConkey agar plates represent ________ medium. - ANSWERBoth a differential and
a selective
A microbiologist inoculates a growth medium with 100 bacterial cells/ml. If the
generation time of the species is 1 hour, and there is no lag phase, how long will it be
before the culture contains more than 10,000 cells/ml? - ANSWER7 hours
At temperatures higher than the maximum growth temperature for an organism, -
ANSWERHydrogen bonds are broken, proteins are denatured, and membranes
become too fluid
An aquatic microbe that can grow only near the surface of the water is probably which
of the following? - ANSWERPhototroph
Metabolic activity is at maximum level in the ________ phase of growth. - ANSWERLog
Halophiles are found living in high ________ conditions. - ANSWERSalt
CORRECT 100%
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was the first person in history to - ANSWERView protozoa
and bacteria
The control of infectious disease remains challenging a century after the understanding
of infectious disease began. What contributes to the continuing challenge? -
ANSWERBoth drug-resistant pathogens and emerging disease
Microorganisms characterized by the absence of a nucleus are called -
ANSWERProkaryotes
Which of the following statements concerning Koch's postulates is false? - ANSWERA
suspected pathogen must be found in the majority of individuals with a particular
disease.
Robert Koch's contributions to the foundations of modern microbiology include -
ANSWERDeveloping methods for isolation and identification of bacteria.
Identification of bacteria in the laboratory usually begins with the ________ for
placement in one of two large groups of bacteria. - ANSWERGram stain
The work of Lister, Nightingale, and Semmelweis all contributed to controlling infectious
disease by - ANSWERDeveloping methods for reducing nosocomial infections.
The study of the occurrence, distribution, and spread of disease is known as -
ANSWEREpidemiology.
Edward Jenner's efforts to prevent smallpox provided the foundation for the field of -
ANSWERImmunology.
Whose search for chemicals that would kill microbes without harming humans was the
foundation for chemotherapy? - ANSWEREhrlich
The term for the use of microorganisms to restore damaged environments is -
ANSWERBioremediation
The acid-fast stain is used to stain - ANSWERbacteria with waxy cell walls.
(Mycobacterium and Nocardia)
All of the following are common to both the Gram stain and the acid-fast stain EXCEPT
- ANSWERA mordant
,A useful unit for measuring the size of most cells is - ANSWERMicrometers
Which of the following are magnifying lenses? - ANSWERBoth the objective and the
ocular
The light source in a ________ microscope is ultraviolet (UV) light. -
ANSWERFluorescent
You are shown a micrograph from a light microscope in which the specimens appear
bright compared to the background. The micrograph is probably from a(n) ________
microscope. - ANSWERDark- field
Unstained cells that lack pigment are best observed on the ________ microscope. -
ANSWERPhase-contrast
High resolution images of the internal structures of microbial cells are obtained using
________ microscopes. - ANSWERTransmission electron
If a microbiology lab student left the safranin out of the Gram stain procedure, what
would be the result? - ANSWERGram-positive cells would be purple and Gram-negative
cells would be colorless.
Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of
acid-fast bacteria? - ANSWERMycolic acid
Some bacteria have an outer layer composed of ________ that protects them from
desiccation and allows them to adhere to surfaces. - ANSWEREither polypeptides or
polysaccharides
Which of the following prokaryotic cells contain an outer membrane? - ANSWERGram-
negative bacteria only
Carl Woese proposed the concept of the domain based on differences of which of the
following cellular molecules? - ANSWERribosomal RNA (rRNA)
The Gram stain works because of differences in the ________ of bacteria. -
ANSWERCell walls
Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding modern taxonomy? -
ANSWERModern classifications reflect evolutionary relationships of organisms.
In the Gram stain procedure, iodine serves as a - ANSWERMordant
Which of the following is the correct order, from largest to smallest, of the modern
taxonomic hierarchy? - ANSWERDomain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family,
Genus, Species
, Which of the following may have cell walls containing teichoic acids? - ANSWERGram-
positive bacteria
Which of the following bacterial cell structures plays an important role in the creation of
biofilms? - ANSWERBoth fimbriae and glycocalyces
What anchors the bacterial flagellum to the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane? -
ANSWERThe basal body
A bacterial cell moving toward light would be an example of - ANSWERPositive
phototaxis
Which of the following statements concerning fimbriae is TRUE? - ANSWERBacteria
use fimbriae to attach to surfaces.
Lipid A is a component of - ANSWERLipopolysaccharides
The cells illustrated in the figure above are in a(n) ________ environment (Figure 3-1) -
ANSWERhypotonic
The best method for preserving bacterial cells in storage for decades is -
ANSWERlyophilization
A fastidious organism might be grown on which of the following types of media? -
ANSWEREnriched media
MacConkey agar plates represent ________ medium. - ANSWERBoth a differential and
a selective
A microbiologist inoculates a growth medium with 100 bacterial cells/ml. If the
generation time of the species is 1 hour, and there is no lag phase, how long will it be
before the culture contains more than 10,000 cells/ml? - ANSWER7 hours
At temperatures higher than the maximum growth temperature for an organism, -
ANSWERHydrogen bonds are broken, proteins are denatured, and membranes
become too fluid
An aquatic microbe that can grow only near the surface of the water is probably which
of the following? - ANSWERPhototroph
Metabolic activity is at maximum level in the ________ phase of growth. - ANSWERLog
Halophiles are found living in high ________ conditions. - ANSWERSalt
