NSG 530 Exam 3 (Latest ): Advanced
Pathophysiology | Questions and Verified
Answers | 100% Correct | highly Graded A -
Wilkes
Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis. - CORRECT ANSWERS--B) Symptoms
include painless hematuria.
A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with bacteria in the
urine. What is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper urinary tract that is
likely to cause such symptoms?
A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria - CORRECT ANSWERS--B) Pyelonephritis
With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella - CORRECT ANSWERS--C) Group A Streptococcus
A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing edema and
vitamin D deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Acute renal failure
D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis - CORRECT ANSWERS--Nephrotic
syndrome
A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on the dorsal surface of
the penis. Which term is the correct name for this anomaly?
A) Hypospadias
,B) Epispadias
C) Exstrophy
D) Ureteropelvic junction - CORRECT ANSWERS--Epispadias
A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and receding
chin. What is the renal manifestation associated with this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis - CORRECT ANSWERS--Potter syndrome
A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis. Which statement
regarding this child's acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present. - CORRECT ANSWERS--The exact
mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria, and abdominal
pain. Which is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A) Henoch-Schonlein purpura
B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
C) Primary nephrotic syndrome
D) Minimal change nephropathy - CORRECT ANSWERS--Henoch-Schonlein purpura
What is the cause of minimal change nephropathy?
A) Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
B) Verotoxin of E. coli
C) IgA deposition
D) Inflammation of the glomeruli - CORRECT ANSWERS--Fusion of the glomerular foot
processes
A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever, and abdominal pain. The
most likely diagnosis is:
A) acute pyelonephritis.
B) vesicoureteral reflux.
C) urinary tract infection.
D) enuresis. - CORRECT ANSWERS--acute pyelonephritis
What are the major causes of bladder outlet obstruction?
A) Urethral valves and polyps
B) Kidney stones and Wilms' tumor
C) Kidney stones and warts
D) Urethral valves and warts - CORRECT ANSWERS--Urethral valves and polyps
,Which conditions are complications of a horseshoe kidney? (select all that apply)
A) Hydronephrosis
B) Hypospadias
C) Infection
D) Stone formation
E) Enuresis - CORRECT ANSWERS--Hydronephrosis
Infection
Stone formation
The development of which characteristic is the first sign of puberty in females?
A) Menarche
B) Pubic hair
C) Thelarche
D) Dysmenorrhea - CORRECT ANSWERS--Thelarche
Which term describes painful menstruation associated with the release of
prostaglandins in ovulatory cycles?
A) Primary dysmenorrhea
B) Primary amenorrhea
C) Secondary dysmenorrhea
D) Secondary amenorrhea - CORRECT ANSWERS--Primary dysmenorrhea
Which condition must be ruled out when identifying the cause of secondary
amenorrhea?
A) Abnormal thyroid function
B) Irregular prolactin production
C) Pituitary gland dysfunction
D) Unknown pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWERS--Unknown pregnancy
A 24-year-old female presents with severe abdominal pain and fever that is believed to
be a result of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) stemming from a Chlamydia
trachomatis infection. Which question will most likely identify the cause of her
symptoms?
A) "Is your abdominal pain affected by walking?"
B) "Have you been experiencing nausea and vomiting as well?"
C) "Is constipation a problem for you?"
D) "Would you describe your pain as being stabbing?" - CORRECT ANSWERS--Is your
abdominal pain affected by walking?
A patient presents with an inflammation of one of the ducts that lead from the introitus.
What is the appropriate term for this condition?
A) Vaginitis
B) Cervicitis
C) Bartholinitis
D) Vulvovestibulitis - CORRECT ANSWERS--Bartholinitis
, A patient has been diagnosed with a moderately large cystocele. What information
would the nurse include in the client's teaching plan?
A) Isometric exercises will help strengthen the pubococcygeal muscles.
B) The symptoms will increase during menstruation.
C) The condition causes urinary stress incontinence.
D) This condition contributes to chronic constipation. - CORRECT ANSWERS--
Isometric exercises will help strengthen the pubococcygeal muscles.
Which female is at greatest risk for developing a benign ovarian cyst?
A) A 26-year-old with regular menstrual cycle
B) A 48-year-old diagnosed as premenopausal
C) A 13-year-old experiencing delayed puberty
D) A 70-year-old diagnosed with a cystocele - CORRECT ANSWERS--A 48-year-old
diagnosed as premenopausal
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized with the presence of:
A) amenorrhea.
B) hypotension.
C) low cholesterol level.
D) hypoandrogenism. - CORRECT ANSWERS--amenorrhea
Which statement is TRUE regarding breast cancer?
A) The older the age at a woman's first childbirth, the lower the risk.
B) It is the second most common cause of cancer in women.
C) The incidence has been declining since 1955.
D) Hispanic women have the highest mortality rate. - CORRECT ANSWERS--Hispanic
women have the highest mortality rate
Which is the most important difference between proliferative and nonproliferative breast
tissue changes?
A) Genetic aberrations are more common in nonproliferative lesions.
B) Cancer prognosis is better for nonproliferative breast tissue changes.
C) Nonproliferative breast lesions do not increase the risk of breast cancer.
D) Cancer resulting from nonproliferative breast lesions has a higher cure rate. -
CORRECT ANSWERS--Nonproliferative breast lesions do not increase the risk of
breast cancer
Which of the following is not a common cause of galactorrhea in women?
A) Pregnancy
B) Medications
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Pituitary tumor - CORRECT ANSWERS--Pregnancy
Which of the following is considered a risk factor for vaginal cancer?
A) Human papillomavirus (HPV)
B) Endometriosis
Pathophysiology | Questions and Verified
Answers | 100% Correct | highly Graded A -
Wilkes
Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis. - CORRECT ANSWERS--B) Symptoms
include painless hematuria.
A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with bacteria in the
urine. What is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper urinary tract that is
likely to cause such symptoms?
A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria - CORRECT ANSWERS--B) Pyelonephritis
With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella - CORRECT ANSWERS--C) Group A Streptococcus
A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing edema and
vitamin D deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Acute renal failure
D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis - CORRECT ANSWERS--Nephrotic
syndrome
A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on the dorsal surface of
the penis. Which term is the correct name for this anomaly?
A) Hypospadias
,B) Epispadias
C) Exstrophy
D) Ureteropelvic junction - CORRECT ANSWERS--Epispadias
A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and receding
chin. What is the renal manifestation associated with this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis - CORRECT ANSWERS--Potter syndrome
A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis. Which statement
regarding this child's acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present. - CORRECT ANSWERS--The exact
mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria, and abdominal
pain. Which is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A) Henoch-Schonlein purpura
B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
C) Primary nephrotic syndrome
D) Minimal change nephropathy - CORRECT ANSWERS--Henoch-Schonlein purpura
What is the cause of minimal change nephropathy?
A) Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
B) Verotoxin of E. coli
C) IgA deposition
D) Inflammation of the glomeruli - CORRECT ANSWERS--Fusion of the glomerular foot
processes
A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever, and abdominal pain. The
most likely diagnosis is:
A) acute pyelonephritis.
B) vesicoureteral reflux.
C) urinary tract infection.
D) enuresis. - CORRECT ANSWERS--acute pyelonephritis
What are the major causes of bladder outlet obstruction?
A) Urethral valves and polyps
B) Kidney stones and Wilms' tumor
C) Kidney stones and warts
D) Urethral valves and warts - CORRECT ANSWERS--Urethral valves and polyps
,Which conditions are complications of a horseshoe kidney? (select all that apply)
A) Hydronephrosis
B) Hypospadias
C) Infection
D) Stone formation
E) Enuresis - CORRECT ANSWERS--Hydronephrosis
Infection
Stone formation
The development of which characteristic is the first sign of puberty in females?
A) Menarche
B) Pubic hair
C) Thelarche
D) Dysmenorrhea - CORRECT ANSWERS--Thelarche
Which term describes painful menstruation associated with the release of
prostaglandins in ovulatory cycles?
A) Primary dysmenorrhea
B) Primary amenorrhea
C) Secondary dysmenorrhea
D) Secondary amenorrhea - CORRECT ANSWERS--Primary dysmenorrhea
Which condition must be ruled out when identifying the cause of secondary
amenorrhea?
A) Abnormal thyroid function
B) Irregular prolactin production
C) Pituitary gland dysfunction
D) Unknown pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWERS--Unknown pregnancy
A 24-year-old female presents with severe abdominal pain and fever that is believed to
be a result of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) stemming from a Chlamydia
trachomatis infection. Which question will most likely identify the cause of her
symptoms?
A) "Is your abdominal pain affected by walking?"
B) "Have you been experiencing nausea and vomiting as well?"
C) "Is constipation a problem for you?"
D) "Would you describe your pain as being stabbing?" - CORRECT ANSWERS--Is your
abdominal pain affected by walking?
A patient presents with an inflammation of one of the ducts that lead from the introitus.
What is the appropriate term for this condition?
A) Vaginitis
B) Cervicitis
C) Bartholinitis
D) Vulvovestibulitis - CORRECT ANSWERS--Bartholinitis
, A patient has been diagnosed with a moderately large cystocele. What information
would the nurse include in the client's teaching plan?
A) Isometric exercises will help strengthen the pubococcygeal muscles.
B) The symptoms will increase during menstruation.
C) The condition causes urinary stress incontinence.
D) This condition contributes to chronic constipation. - CORRECT ANSWERS--
Isometric exercises will help strengthen the pubococcygeal muscles.
Which female is at greatest risk for developing a benign ovarian cyst?
A) A 26-year-old with regular menstrual cycle
B) A 48-year-old diagnosed as premenopausal
C) A 13-year-old experiencing delayed puberty
D) A 70-year-old diagnosed with a cystocele - CORRECT ANSWERS--A 48-year-old
diagnosed as premenopausal
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized with the presence of:
A) amenorrhea.
B) hypotension.
C) low cholesterol level.
D) hypoandrogenism. - CORRECT ANSWERS--amenorrhea
Which statement is TRUE regarding breast cancer?
A) The older the age at a woman's first childbirth, the lower the risk.
B) It is the second most common cause of cancer in women.
C) The incidence has been declining since 1955.
D) Hispanic women have the highest mortality rate. - CORRECT ANSWERS--Hispanic
women have the highest mortality rate
Which is the most important difference between proliferative and nonproliferative breast
tissue changes?
A) Genetic aberrations are more common in nonproliferative lesions.
B) Cancer prognosis is better for nonproliferative breast tissue changes.
C) Nonproliferative breast lesions do not increase the risk of breast cancer.
D) Cancer resulting from nonproliferative breast lesions has a higher cure rate. -
CORRECT ANSWERS--Nonproliferative breast lesions do not increase the risk of
breast cancer
Which of the following is not a common cause of galactorrhea in women?
A) Pregnancy
B) Medications
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Pituitary tumor - CORRECT ANSWERS--Pregnancy
Which of the following is considered a risk factor for vaginal cancer?
A) Human papillomavirus (HPV)
B) Endometriosis
