PNCB Exam Questions & answers with
Explanations of Answers Latest Update 2024 /
2025, Graded A+, Guaranteed pass
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as experiencing the world through
senses and actions? - ANSWER Piaget's Sensorimotor, Birth to 2 years
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as representing things with words and
images? - ANSWER Piaget's Preoperational, 2 to 6 years old
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as thinking logically about concrete
events and grasping concrete analogies? - ANSWER Piaget's Concrete Operational, 7 to 11 years
old
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as thinking about hypothetical
scenarios and processing abstract thoughts? - ANSWER Piaget's Formal Operational, 12 to
adulthood
What age range is Piaget's Formal Operational? - ANSWER 12 to adulthood
What age range is Piaget's Concrete Operational? - ANSWER 7 to 11 years old
What age range is Piaget's Preoperational? - ANSWER 2 to 6 years old
What age range is Piaget's Sensorimotor? - ANSWER Birth to 2 years old
Describe independent play - ANSWER Common in ages 2-3
They are uninterested in or is unaware of what others are doing.
,They are playing alone and maintains focus on its activity.
What stage of play is defined by playing alone and uninterested in or unaware of what others
are doing? - ANSWER Independent play
Describe Parallel Play - ANSWER Children play adjacent to each other, but don't influence each
other's play.
They are interested in what other children are playing, but plays alone.
Ages 2-3, but can start after 1st birthday
What stage of play is defined as interested in another's activity but playing along side them
without influencing or interacting with them? - ANSWER Parallel play
What differentiates Parallel play vs Associative play? - ANSWER Interaction. There is interaction
with associative play, not with Parallel play. In Associative, there is interest but no coordinated
activity.
What type of head trauma is typically associated with vacuum deliveries? - ANSWER Subgaleal
hemorrhage - ruptured emissary vein caused by fragmentation of the parietal bone associated
with skull fracture. Can extend to the neck and orbits. May have crepitus, fluid waves and ill-
defined borders
A quad screen expected result for a child with down syndrome would read? - ANSWER Low
levels of AFP
What AFP level would you expect in a child with esophageal atresia? - ANSWER High
An 8 month old infant presents with significant head lag, what are you suspicious of? - ANSWER
Cerebral Palsy
, When is an infant expected to double it's birth weight by? - ANSWER 5 months?
When is an infant expected to triple it's birth weight by? - ANSWER 1 year
Pregnant Greeks and pregnant woman living in higher elevations should have their newborns
followed for? - ANSWER higher risk of hyperbilirubinemia
An indirect bili measures conjugated or unconjugated bili? - ANSWER unconjugated
An infant presents with elevated total bili, what should you suspect? - ANSWER biliary atresia
An infant assessment finds a cephalohematoma on exam, what should you monitor the child
for? - ANSWER hyperbilirubinemia
Which patient population has highest risk for hyperbilirubinemia? Asians, African Americans,
Greeks? - ANSWER Asians and American indians have highest risk. African americans with G6PD
deficiency are at greater risk, as is Greeks and people who live in higher elevations.
A pregnant mother positive HIV presents to the hospital in labor, intact membranes at 38 weeks
with an unknown viral load. She has had 3 ARV. What is the treatment plan? - ANSWER Patient
with a viral load or unknown viral load, despite receiving 3 ARV, should have a c-section.
What recurrent infection is commonly associated with HIV? - ANSWER oral thrush
What is the treatment for Chlamydia Trachomatis conjuntivitis? - ANSWER Oral Azithromycin is
preferred (20mg/kg/day in 1 dose) for 3 days or 40mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses for 14 days of
erythromycin - eye drops do NOT work
Explanations of Answers Latest Update 2024 /
2025, Graded A+, Guaranteed pass
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as experiencing the world through
senses and actions? - ANSWER Piaget's Sensorimotor, Birth to 2 years
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as representing things with words and
images? - ANSWER Piaget's Preoperational, 2 to 6 years old
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as thinking logically about concrete
events and grasping concrete analogies? - ANSWER Piaget's Concrete Operational, 7 to 11 years
old
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as thinking about hypothetical
scenarios and processing abstract thoughts? - ANSWER Piaget's Formal Operational, 12 to
adulthood
What age range is Piaget's Formal Operational? - ANSWER 12 to adulthood
What age range is Piaget's Concrete Operational? - ANSWER 7 to 11 years old
What age range is Piaget's Preoperational? - ANSWER 2 to 6 years old
What age range is Piaget's Sensorimotor? - ANSWER Birth to 2 years old
Describe independent play - ANSWER Common in ages 2-3
They are uninterested in or is unaware of what others are doing.
,They are playing alone and maintains focus on its activity.
What stage of play is defined by playing alone and uninterested in or unaware of what others
are doing? - ANSWER Independent play
Describe Parallel Play - ANSWER Children play adjacent to each other, but don't influence each
other's play.
They are interested in what other children are playing, but plays alone.
Ages 2-3, but can start after 1st birthday
What stage of play is defined as interested in another's activity but playing along side them
without influencing or interacting with them? - ANSWER Parallel play
What differentiates Parallel play vs Associative play? - ANSWER Interaction. There is interaction
with associative play, not with Parallel play. In Associative, there is interest but no coordinated
activity.
What type of head trauma is typically associated with vacuum deliveries? - ANSWER Subgaleal
hemorrhage - ruptured emissary vein caused by fragmentation of the parietal bone associated
with skull fracture. Can extend to the neck and orbits. May have crepitus, fluid waves and ill-
defined borders
A quad screen expected result for a child with down syndrome would read? - ANSWER Low
levels of AFP
What AFP level would you expect in a child with esophageal atresia? - ANSWER High
An 8 month old infant presents with significant head lag, what are you suspicious of? - ANSWER
Cerebral Palsy
, When is an infant expected to double it's birth weight by? - ANSWER 5 months?
When is an infant expected to triple it's birth weight by? - ANSWER 1 year
Pregnant Greeks and pregnant woman living in higher elevations should have their newborns
followed for? - ANSWER higher risk of hyperbilirubinemia
An indirect bili measures conjugated or unconjugated bili? - ANSWER unconjugated
An infant presents with elevated total bili, what should you suspect? - ANSWER biliary atresia
An infant assessment finds a cephalohematoma on exam, what should you monitor the child
for? - ANSWER hyperbilirubinemia
Which patient population has highest risk for hyperbilirubinemia? Asians, African Americans,
Greeks? - ANSWER Asians and American indians have highest risk. African americans with G6PD
deficiency are at greater risk, as is Greeks and people who live in higher elevations.
A pregnant mother positive HIV presents to the hospital in labor, intact membranes at 38 weeks
with an unknown viral load. She has had 3 ARV. What is the treatment plan? - ANSWER Patient
with a viral load or unknown viral load, despite receiving 3 ARV, should have a c-section.
What recurrent infection is commonly associated with HIV? - ANSWER oral thrush
What is the treatment for Chlamydia Trachomatis conjuntivitis? - ANSWER Oral Azithromycin is
preferred (20mg/kg/day in 1 dose) for 3 days or 40mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses for 14 days of
erythromycin - eye drops do NOT work
