NSG530 / NSG 530 Exam 2
Advanced Pathophysiology - Wilkes
Actual Questions and Answers
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This Exam contains:
100% Guarantee Pass.
Multiple-Choice (A–D), For Each Question.
Each Question Includes The Correct Answer
Expert-Verified explanation
1. A patient was diagnosed as HIV positive several years ago. Which of the following blood
tests is most clinically useful for determining the stage and severity of her disease?
, - A) Viral load
- B) CD4+ cell counts
- C) Complete blood count
- D) HIV antibody test
Answer: B) CD4+ cell counts
Explanation: CD4+ cell counts are crucial in evaluating the immune system status in
HIV-infected patients. They help determine the severity of immunosuppression, guiding
clinical decisions regarding antiretroviral therapy initiation and prognosis.
2. When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the
fetus, what type of immune reaction occurs?
- A) Autoimmune
- B) Alloimmune
- C) Hypersensitivity
- D) Immunodeficiency
Answer: B) Alloimmune
Explanation: Alloimmunity refers to immune responses against non-self antigens from
the same species, such as the maternal immune response to paternal antigens expressed by
the fetus during pregnancy.
3. A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching and
develops pains, swelling, redness, and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering from:
- A) Anaphylaxis
- B) Localized allergic reaction
- C) Hypersensitivity
- D) Dermatitis
Answer: A) Anaphylaxis
, Explanation: Anaphylaxis is a severe, immediate allergic reaction characterized by
symptoms such as swelling, respiratory distress, and shock due to systemic release of
mediators like histamine.
4. When a patient presents at the ED for an allergic reaction, the nurse recognizes the most
severe consequences of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is:
- A) Anaphylaxis
- B) Rhinitis
- C) Asthma
- D) Urticaria
Answer: A) Anaphylaxis
Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity reactions can lead to anaphylaxis, which is a life-
threatening condition that requires immediate intervention to prevent fatal outcomes.
5. A nurse recalls that an example of an immune-complex-mediated disease is:
- A) Anaphylaxis
- B) Hemolytic disease of the newborn
- C) Serum sickness
- D) Asthma
Answer: C) Serum sickness
Explanation: Serum sickness is an immune-complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction
that can occur after exposure to certain antigens, resulting in tissue damage due to the
deposition of immune complexes.
6. When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the nurse
remembers this disease is an example of:
- A) Immunodeficiency
- B) Autoimmunity
- C) Hypersensitivity
, - D) Alloimmunity
Answer: B) Autoimmunity
Explanation: SLE is characterized by the immune system's inappropriate response against
the body's own tissues, leading to multi-systemic involvement and chronic inflammation,
which is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases.
7. A 30-year-old female c/o fatigue, arthritis, rash, and changes in urine color. Laboratory
testing reveals anemia, lymphopenia, and kidney inflammation. Assuming a diagnosis of
SLE, which of the following is also likely to be present?
- A) Infectious agents
- B) Autoantibodies
- C) Elevated blood glucose levels
- D) Hemoglobin A1c levels
Answer: B) Autoantibodies
Explanation: In SLE, autoantibodies such as anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs) are
commonly present and contribute to tissue damage and the clinical manifestations
associated with the disease.
8. A 40-year-old is diagnosed with SLE. Which of the following findings would be
considered a symptom of this disease?
- A) Joint pain
- B) Unexplained fever
- C) Photosensitivity + facial rash confined to cheeks (malar rash)
- D) Edema
Answer: C) Photosensitivity + facial rash confined to cheeks (malar rash)
Explanation: The malar rash and photosensitivity are classic cutaneous manifestations of
SLE and can aid in the diagnosis of the disease.
Advanced Pathophysiology - Wilkes
Actual Questions and Answers
100% Guarantee Pass
This Exam contains:
100% Guarantee Pass.
Multiple-Choice (A–D), For Each Question.
Each Question Includes The Correct Answer
Expert-Verified explanation
1. A patient was diagnosed as HIV positive several years ago. Which of the following blood
tests is most clinically useful for determining the stage and severity of her disease?
, - A) Viral load
- B) CD4+ cell counts
- C) Complete blood count
- D) HIV antibody test
Answer: B) CD4+ cell counts
Explanation: CD4+ cell counts are crucial in evaluating the immune system status in
HIV-infected patients. They help determine the severity of immunosuppression, guiding
clinical decisions regarding antiretroviral therapy initiation and prognosis.
2. When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the
fetus, what type of immune reaction occurs?
- A) Autoimmune
- B) Alloimmune
- C) Hypersensitivity
- D) Immunodeficiency
Answer: B) Alloimmune
Explanation: Alloimmunity refers to immune responses against non-self antigens from
the same species, such as the maternal immune response to paternal antigens expressed by
the fetus during pregnancy.
3. A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching and
develops pains, swelling, redness, and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering from:
- A) Anaphylaxis
- B) Localized allergic reaction
- C) Hypersensitivity
- D) Dermatitis
Answer: A) Anaphylaxis
, Explanation: Anaphylaxis is a severe, immediate allergic reaction characterized by
symptoms such as swelling, respiratory distress, and shock due to systemic release of
mediators like histamine.
4. When a patient presents at the ED for an allergic reaction, the nurse recognizes the most
severe consequences of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is:
- A) Anaphylaxis
- B) Rhinitis
- C) Asthma
- D) Urticaria
Answer: A) Anaphylaxis
Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity reactions can lead to anaphylaxis, which is a life-
threatening condition that requires immediate intervention to prevent fatal outcomes.
5. A nurse recalls that an example of an immune-complex-mediated disease is:
- A) Anaphylaxis
- B) Hemolytic disease of the newborn
- C) Serum sickness
- D) Asthma
Answer: C) Serum sickness
Explanation: Serum sickness is an immune-complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction
that can occur after exposure to certain antigens, resulting in tissue damage due to the
deposition of immune complexes.
6. When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the nurse
remembers this disease is an example of:
- A) Immunodeficiency
- B) Autoimmunity
- C) Hypersensitivity
, - D) Alloimmunity
Answer: B) Autoimmunity
Explanation: SLE is characterized by the immune system's inappropriate response against
the body's own tissues, leading to multi-systemic involvement and chronic inflammation,
which is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases.
7. A 30-year-old female c/o fatigue, arthritis, rash, and changes in urine color. Laboratory
testing reveals anemia, lymphopenia, and kidney inflammation. Assuming a diagnosis of
SLE, which of the following is also likely to be present?
- A) Infectious agents
- B) Autoantibodies
- C) Elevated blood glucose levels
- D) Hemoglobin A1c levels
Answer: B) Autoantibodies
Explanation: In SLE, autoantibodies such as anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs) are
commonly present and contribute to tissue damage and the clinical manifestations
associated with the disease.
8. A 40-year-old is diagnosed with SLE. Which of the following findings would be
considered a symptom of this disease?
- A) Joint pain
- B) Unexplained fever
- C) Photosensitivity + facial rash confined to cheeks (malar rash)
- D) Edema
Answer: C) Photosensitivity + facial rash confined to cheeks (malar rash)
Explanation: The malar rash and photosensitivity are classic cutaneous manifestations of
SLE and can aid in the diagnosis of the disease.
