BLD 435 EXAMS/FINAL
Study Booster – Solved Exam Questions That Match the Real Thing
list and describe the stages in the agglutination reaction. - -in vitro phenomena
-happens in 2 phases: sensitization and agglutination
-sensitization: physical attachment of Ig to RBC, cells become coated w Ig (reversible)
-amount of sensitization affects agglutination
-agglutination: lattice formation, Abs binds to 2 RBCs at same time, and RBCs are coated with Igs
categorize the factors affecting in vitro ag/ab reactions to the stage of agglutination each
affects. - -affinity constant of Ig: better it binds better it holds on and stays attached
-concentration of Ig and Ag: not important for first stage (sens) but amount of sensitization
affects degree of aglutination
-pH: 7.4
-ionic strength: Ig is net +, RBC net -
-temp: 37C
-incubation time: 10-60mins
-factors that affect 1st stage (sensitization) also affect second stage (agglu)
describe how agglutination can be inhibited. - -using soluble Ag.
-bind up Ig binding sites before they get to RBC antigen
describe how sensitized cells can be detected in vitro. - Today most labs use monospecific
anti-IgG for IAT testing. This test is meant to detect in vitro sensitization, but will also detect in
vivo sensitization if the red cells used already are sensitized with IgG
, define dosage, state two factors determining dosage and explain how it affects ag/ab reactions.
- -A significant difference in antibody reaction strength depending on the quantity of the
target antigen present on a target red blood cell
-if an antibody gives a stronger reaction with RBCs double-dosed for the target antigen, it shows
the dosage effect
describe how AHG is prepared. - -polyvalent: anti-IgG + anti-C3
-Monovalent anti IgG
-Monovalent anti C3
for IgG and IgM, state optimum reaction temperatures and preferred media. - -Cold
reacting: IgM
-Warm reacting: IgG
-low saline concentration (LISS) preferred: maintains osmotic
categorize antibodies as cold, rm temp or warm when given the optimum reaction temp of the
ab. - -Cold reacting Abs: 4C-24C maybe 32C
-Warm reacting Abs: 37C
compare & contrast intravascular vs extravascular hemolysis on the basis of: usual class of ab -
-extravascular: cell is phagocytized by macrophages of spleen. get clean up of metabolites.
iron held back, hemoglobin is processed to bilirubin and excreted in urine and feces.
-intravascular: hemolysis is lysis to completion by C' activation. you get hemoglobinuria or
hemoglobinemia
define antiglobulin and list the different types of anti-human globulin, their source, and
application. - -Antiglobulin is an antibody against human antibodies
-polyvalent: anti-igG or anti-C3
Study Booster – Solved Exam Questions That Match the Real Thing
list and describe the stages in the agglutination reaction. - -in vitro phenomena
-happens in 2 phases: sensitization and agglutination
-sensitization: physical attachment of Ig to RBC, cells become coated w Ig (reversible)
-amount of sensitization affects agglutination
-agglutination: lattice formation, Abs binds to 2 RBCs at same time, and RBCs are coated with Igs
categorize the factors affecting in vitro ag/ab reactions to the stage of agglutination each
affects. - -affinity constant of Ig: better it binds better it holds on and stays attached
-concentration of Ig and Ag: not important for first stage (sens) but amount of sensitization
affects degree of aglutination
-pH: 7.4
-ionic strength: Ig is net +, RBC net -
-temp: 37C
-incubation time: 10-60mins
-factors that affect 1st stage (sensitization) also affect second stage (agglu)
describe how agglutination can be inhibited. - -using soluble Ag.
-bind up Ig binding sites before they get to RBC antigen
describe how sensitized cells can be detected in vitro. - Today most labs use monospecific
anti-IgG for IAT testing. This test is meant to detect in vitro sensitization, but will also detect in
vivo sensitization if the red cells used already are sensitized with IgG
, define dosage, state two factors determining dosage and explain how it affects ag/ab reactions.
- -A significant difference in antibody reaction strength depending on the quantity of the
target antigen present on a target red blood cell
-if an antibody gives a stronger reaction with RBCs double-dosed for the target antigen, it shows
the dosage effect
describe how AHG is prepared. - -polyvalent: anti-IgG + anti-C3
-Monovalent anti IgG
-Monovalent anti C3
for IgG and IgM, state optimum reaction temperatures and preferred media. - -Cold
reacting: IgM
-Warm reacting: IgG
-low saline concentration (LISS) preferred: maintains osmotic
categorize antibodies as cold, rm temp or warm when given the optimum reaction temp of the
ab. - -Cold reacting Abs: 4C-24C maybe 32C
-Warm reacting Abs: 37C
compare & contrast intravascular vs extravascular hemolysis on the basis of: usual class of ab -
-extravascular: cell is phagocytized by macrophages of spleen. get clean up of metabolites.
iron held back, hemoglobin is processed to bilirubin and excreted in urine and feces.
-intravascular: hemolysis is lysis to completion by C' activation. you get hemoglobinuria or
hemoglobinemia
define antiglobulin and list the different types of anti-human globulin, their source, and
application. - -Antiglobulin is an antibody against human antibodies
-polyvalent: anti-igG or anti-C3
