HOPEACADEMY
EED2601
EXAMINATION PORTFOLIO
OPENING DATE: TUESDAY, 12 AUGUST
2025, 8:00 AM
DUE DATE: TUESDAY, 2 SEPTEMBER
2025, 8:00 PM
2025
1.1 Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow:
Climate Change
Over the years we have seen communities being severely affected by the effects of
climate change, which has depleted Africa’s natural resource base over time.
Climate change in Africa now poses a real threat that could potentially reverse the
developmental gains achieved by African countries over the years. Most of Africa’s
population is highly vulnerable to climate change effects.
0 7 6 4 0 3 1 2 2 9
,EED2601 EXAMINATION PORTFOLIO
OPENING DATE: TUESDAY, 12 AUGUST 2025, 8:00 AM
DUE DATE: TUESDAY, 2 SEPTEMBER 2025, 8:00 PM
1.1. State any five (5) negative effects of climate change (5)
Drought and Water Shortages Climate change has led to longer and more
severe droughts in many parts of Africa. This reduces access to clean water for
drinking, farming, and livestock. 👉 According to Niang et al. (2022), rising
temperatures and changing rainfall patterns have worsened water stress
across the continent.
Crop Failure and Food Insecurity Unpredictable weather and extreme heat
harm crops and reduce harvests. This leads to hunger and malnutrition,
especially in rural areas. 👉 Niang et al. (2022) explain that climate change
threatens food production and increases the risk of famine.
Flooding and Infrastructure Damage Heavy rains and rising sea levels cause
floods that destroy homes, roads, and schools. Urban areas are especially
vulnerable. 👉 The IPCC report (Niang et al., 2022) notes that flooding events
are becoming more frequent and damaging in African cities.
Loss of Biodiversity Many animals and plants are struggling to survive as their
habitats change or disappear. This affects ecosystems and traditional
livelihoods. 👉 Niang et al. (2022) highlight that climate change is accelerating
species loss in Africa’s rich natural environments.
, Health Risks and Disease Spread Warmer temperatures and poor sanitation
increase the spread of diseases like malaria, cholera, and respiratory
infections. 👉 According to Niang et al. (2022), climate change contributes to
rising health risks, especially in vulnerable communities.
📚 Reference
Niang, I., Ruppel, O. C., Abdrabo, M. A., Essel, A., Lennard, C., Padgham, J., &
Urquhart, P. (2022). Africa. In: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and
Vulnerability. IPCC Sixth Assessment Report.
1.2 From the answers provided in question 1.1 above, write an essay that
focuses on the negative effects of climate change on the environment and
human health. Structure your essay as a mini essay which requires an
introduction, body, and conclusion.
Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges of our
time, particularly for African nations whose populations and ecosystems are
highly vulnerable. Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and extreme weather
events are no longer distant threats—they are daily realities that disrupt
livelihoods, damage natural resources, and endanger human well-being. This
essay explores the negative effects of climate change on the environment and
human health, with a focus on how these impacts are unfolding across African
communities.
Body
🌍 Environmental Degradation
One of the most visible consequences of climate change in Africa is
environmental degradation. Prolonged droughts have dried up rivers and
EED2601
EXAMINATION PORTFOLIO
OPENING DATE: TUESDAY, 12 AUGUST
2025, 8:00 AM
DUE DATE: TUESDAY, 2 SEPTEMBER
2025, 8:00 PM
2025
1.1 Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow:
Climate Change
Over the years we have seen communities being severely affected by the effects of
climate change, which has depleted Africa’s natural resource base over time.
Climate change in Africa now poses a real threat that could potentially reverse the
developmental gains achieved by African countries over the years. Most of Africa’s
population is highly vulnerable to climate change effects.
0 7 6 4 0 3 1 2 2 9
,EED2601 EXAMINATION PORTFOLIO
OPENING DATE: TUESDAY, 12 AUGUST 2025, 8:00 AM
DUE DATE: TUESDAY, 2 SEPTEMBER 2025, 8:00 PM
1.1. State any five (5) negative effects of climate change (5)
Drought and Water Shortages Climate change has led to longer and more
severe droughts in many parts of Africa. This reduces access to clean water for
drinking, farming, and livestock. 👉 According to Niang et al. (2022), rising
temperatures and changing rainfall patterns have worsened water stress
across the continent.
Crop Failure and Food Insecurity Unpredictable weather and extreme heat
harm crops and reduce harvests. This leads to hunger and malnutrition,
especially in rural areas. 👉 Niang et al. (2022) explain that climate change
threatens food production and increases the risk of famine.
Flooding and Infrastructure Damage Heavy rains and rising sea levels cause
floods that destroy homes, roads, and schools. Urban areas are especially
vulnerable. 👉 The IPCC report (Niang et al., 2022) notes that flooding events
are becoming more frequent and damaging in African cities.
Loss of Biodiversity Many animals and plants are struggling to survive as their
habitats change or disappear. This affects ecosystems and traditional
livelihoods. 👉 Niang et al. (2022) highlight that climate change is accelerating
species loss in Africa’s rich natural environments.
, Health Risks and Disease Spread Warmer temperatures and poor sanitation
increase the spread of diseases like malaria, cholera, and respiratory
infections. 👉 According to Niang et al. (2022), climate change contributes to
rising health risks, especially in vulnerable communities.
📚 Reference
Niang, I., Ruppel, O. C., Abdrabo, M. A., Essel, A., Lennard, C., Padgham, J., &
Urquhart, P. (2022). Africa. In: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and
Vulnerability. IPCC Sixth Assessment Report.
1.2 From the answers provided in question 1.1 above, write an essay that
focuses on the negative effects of climate change on the environment and
human health. Structure your essay as a mini essay which requires an
introduction, body, and conclusion.
Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges of our
time, particularly for African nations whose populations and ecosystems are
highly vulnerable. Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and extreme weather
events are no longer distant threats—they are daily realities that disrupt
livelihoods, damage natural resources, and endanger human well-being. This
essay explores the negative effects of climate change on the environment and
human health, with a focus on how these impacts are unfolding across African
communities.
Body
🌍 Environmental Degradation
One of the most visible consequences of climate change in Africa is
environmental degradation. Prolonged droughts have dried up rivers and
