NURS 590 Exam 2 study guide + practice questions WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

NURS 590 Exam 2 study guide + |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




practice questions WITH CORRECT |\ |\ |\ |\




ANSWERS


try to differentiate COPD from Asthma - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔asthma is reversible, copd is not |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




COPD sx: sob, chronic cough, sputum, wheezing/chest tightness,
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risk factors: host factors, exposure to particles: tobacco,
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pollution, occupation, disease related |\ |\ |\




key indicators for considering copd - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔dyspnea that progresses over time, is persistent, and |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


characteristically worse with exercise |\ |\ |\




chronic cough: may be intermittent, un productive, with recurrent
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wheeze
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chronic sputum production: any pattern of chronic sputum
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production is suspicious for copd |\ |\ |\ |\




modified mrc dyspnea scale - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔grade 0: i
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only get breathless with strenuous exercise
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grade 1: i only get breathless when hurrying on the level, walking
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up a hill
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grade 2: i walk slower than people of the same age on the level
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bc of breathlessness, or i have to stop to catch my breath when
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walking at my own pace on the level |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




grade 3: stop for breath after walking 100 m or few minutes on
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level

,grade 4: too breathless when leaving house, dressing or
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undressing


COPD meds - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Beta 2 agonists-
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Bronchodilators • Short-acting Beta Agonists (SABA)• Albuterol• |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


Long-Acting Beta Agonists (LABA)• Formoterol/Salmeterol•
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Muscarinic Antagonists (Antimuscarinic/Anticholinergic)-decrease
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secretions• Long-Acting Muscarinic Agonists (LAMA)• Tiotropium•
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Methylxanthines• Theophylline• Anti-inflammatory (usually in
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combination LABA)• Inhaled corticosteroids• Oral corticosteroids•
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PDE4 (Pharphodiesterase-4) Inhibitors• Roflumilast• Antibiotics•
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Azithromycin/Erythromycin• Mucolytics and Antitoxin agents• |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


Carbocysteine and N-acetylcystine • Immunoregulator drugs |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




GOLD guidelines for copd 2022 - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔spirometrically confirmed diagnosis--> assessment airflow |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


limitation-->assessment of symptoms risks/ factors |\ |\ |\ |\




GOLD 1 FEV1 >=80 |\ |\ |\




GOLD 2 FEV1 50-79 |\ |\ |\




GOLD 3 30-49 |\ |\




GOLD 4 <30 |\ |\




>= 2 or >= 1 leading to hospital admission
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0 or 1 (not leading to hospital admisison)
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CAT assessment - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔assessment of copd sx
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initial pharmacological tx: all should have a SABA for relief -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔exacerbation risk: more exacerbations-
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, >= 2 moderate exacerbations or >= 1 leading to hospitalization-
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apply the drugs to the clinical sx Group c- LAMA, group d: LAMA
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or LAMA + LABA (CAT .20) or ICS + LABA (eos >= 300)
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Few exacerbations: 0 or 1 moderate exacerbations not leading to
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hospital admission
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group a: a bronchodilator SABA/ LABA, group B LABA or LAMA.
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assess symptoms: mMRC 0-1, CAt ,10. fewer daily symptoms
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mMRC .= 2, CAT >= 10 more daily symptoms
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exacerbations: discrete episodes characterized by acute |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


worsening of symptoms (increased dyspnea, sputum volume,
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purulence) beyond usual day-to-day variation and requiring
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intervention


commonly used maintenance medications in COPD- SABA and
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LABA - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔short acting:
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salbutamol (albuterol)= onset of action 5 min |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




MDI & DPI inhaler- pill, syrup, ER tablet, pill, nebulizer, injection,
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duration of action: 4-6 hrs, 12 hrs (ER)
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long acting: |\ |\




formoterol DPI inhaler- onset of action <= 12 min duration of
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action 12 hrs |\ |\




salmeterol:MDI % DPi inhaler, - onset of action <20 min duration |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


of action 12 hrs
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