BACE Comprehensive Review
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1. Cell Theory Theory that states all life forms are made from one or more cells, that cells only
arise from pre-existing cells, and that the cell is the smallest form of life.
2. Prokaryote A microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with
a membrane nor other specialized (membrane-bound) organelles. Prokaryotes
include the bacteria (ex. E. coli).
3. Eukaryote An organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in
the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus.
4. Quality Assur- Maintenance of a desired level of quality in a service or product, especially by
ance means of attention to every stage of the process of delivery or production; all
products meet quality standards.
5. Research & De- Work directed toward the innovation, introduction, and improvement of products
velopment and processes; identifying candidate biopharmeceutical drugs for example.
6. Manufacturing Make (something) on a large scale using machinery; make commercial quantities
of a biopharmaceutical drug for example.
7. Biotechnology The exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, espe-
cially the genetic manipulation of microorganisms for the production of antibi-
otics, hormones, etc.
8. Plasma Mem- A microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins that forms the external boundary
brane of the cytoplasm of a cell and that regulates the passage of molecules in and out
of the cytoplasm (semi-permeable).
9. Mitochondria An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical
processes of respiration and energy production occur.
10. Nucleus A dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded
structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.
, BACE Comprehensive Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_5cfbyd
11. Lysosome An organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes
enclosed in a membrane.
12. Endoplasmic A network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell,
Reticulum continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and
is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
13. RNA Polymerase An enzyme that binds to DNA during transcription to create an mRNA strand.
14. DNA Ligase An enzyme that brings about ligation (joining together) of DNA or another sub-
stance.
15. Primase An enzyme that synthesizes short RNA sequences called primers.
16. Restriction En- An enzyme produced chiefly by certain bacteria, having the property of cleav-
zyme (Restriction ing/cutting/digesting DNA molecules at or near a specific sequence of bases.
Endonuclease)
17. DNA Polymerase A heat stable enzyme that synthesizes DNA from free deoxyribonucleic acids in
DNA replication and PCR reactions.
18. Spectrophotome- Used to measure protein or DNA concentration; an apparatus for measuring the
ter intensity of light in a part of the spectrum, especially as transmitted or emitted by
particular substances.
19. Horizontal Gel Used to run DNA agarose gels.
Electrophoresis
Box
20. Vertical Gel Elec- Used to run protein gels (PAGE or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis).
trophoresis Box
21. Enzyme
, BACE Comprehensive Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_5cfbyd
A type of protein produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring
about a specific biochemical reaction; only work in specific temperature and pH
ranges.
22. Anaerobic Respi- Method of obtaining energy in microorganisms; occurs without oxygen and pro-
ration (Fermen- duces carbon dioxide as a byproduct; used in the baking and brewing industries.
tation)
23. Aerobic (Cellular) Breaking down of food molecules (glucose) in the presence of oxygen with the
Respiration result of generating energy (ATP) in a cell (as well as carbon dioxide and water).
24. Photosynthesis Process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthe-
size foods from carbon dioxide and water; in plants generally involves the green
pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct.
25. Adenosine A compound consisting of an adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphate
Triphosphate groups; the breakage of one phosphate linkage (to form adenosine diphosphate,
(ATP) ADP ) provides energy for physiological processes.
26. Phosphate Bonds between phosphate groups; location of energy in an ATP molecule.
Bonds
27. Disaccharide Any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharide residues.
28. Monosaccharide Any of the class of sugars (e.g., glucose) that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a
simpler sugar.
29. Polysaccharide A carbohydrate (e.g., starch, cellulose, or glycogen) whose molecules consist of a
number of sugar molecules bonded together.
30. Carbohydrates A macromolecule occurring in foods and living tissues; contain hydrogen and
oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1); typically can be broken down to release
energy in the animal body. Other functions: receptors, structure of plant cell wall.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_5cfbyd
1. Cell Theory Theory that states all life forms are made from one or more cells, that cells only
arise from pre-existing cells, and that the cell is the smallest form of life.
2. Prokaryote A microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with
a membrane nor other specialized (membrane-bound) organelles. Prokaryotes
include the bacteria (ex. E. coli).
3. Eukaryote An organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in
the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus.
4. Quality Assur- Maintenance of a desired level of quality in a service or product, especially by
ance means of attention to every stage of the process of delivery or production; all
products meet quality standards.
5. Research & De- Work directed toward the innovation, introduction, and improvement of products
velopment and processes; identifying candidate biopharmeceutical drugs for example.
6. Manufacturing Make (something) on a large scale using machinery; make commercial quantities
of a biopharmaceutical drug for example.
7. Biotechnology The exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, espe-
cially the genetic manipulation of microorganisms for the production of antibi-
otics, hormones, etc.
8. Plasma Mem- A microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins that forms the external boundary
brane of the cytoplasm of a cell and that regulates the passage of molecules in and out
of the cytoplasm (semi-permeable).
9. Mitochondria An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical
processes of respiration and energy production occur.
10. Nucleus A dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded
structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.
, BACE Comprehensive Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_5cfbyd
11. Lysosome An organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes
enclosed in a membrane.
12. Endoplasmic A network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell,
Reticulum continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and
is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
13. RNA Polymerase An enzyme that binds to DNA during transcription to create an mRNA strand.
14. DNA Ligase An enzyme that brings about ligation (joining together) of DNA or another sub-
stance.
15. Primase An enzyme that synthesizes short RNA sequences called primers.
16. Restriction En- An enzyme produced chiefly by certain bacteria, having the property of cleav-
zyme (Restriction ing/cutting/digesting DNA molecules at or near a specific sequence of bases.
Endonuclease)
17. DNA Polymerase A heat stable enzyme that synthesizes DNA from free deoxyribonucleic acids in
DNA replication and PCR reactions.
18. Spectrophotome- Used to measure protein or DNA concentration; an apparatus for measuring the
ter intensity of light in a part of the spectrum, especially as transmitted or emitted by
particular substances.
19. Horizontal Gel Used to run DNA agarose gels.
Electrophoresis
Box
20. Vertical Gel Elec- Used to run protein gels (PAGE or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis).
trophoresis Box
21. Enzyme
, BACE Comprehensive Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_5cfbyd
A type of protein produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring
about a specific biochemical reaction; only work in specific temperature and pH
ranges.
22. Anaerobic Respi- Method of obtaining energy in microorganisms; occurs without oxygen and pro-
ration (Fermen- duces carbon dioxide as a byproduct; used in the baking and brewing industries.
tation)
23. Aerobic (Cellular) Breaking down of food molecules (glucose) in the presence of oxygen with the
Respiration result of generating energy (ATP) in a cell (as well as carbon dioxide and water).
24. Photosynthesis Process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthe-
size foods from carbon dioxide and water; in plants generally involves the green
pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct.
25. Adenosine A compound consisting of an adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphate
Triphosphate groups; the breakage of one phosphate linkage (to form adenosine diphosphate,
(ATP) ADP ) provides energy for physiological processes.
26. Phosphate Bonds between phosphate groups; location of energy in an ATP molecule.
Bonds
27. Disaccharide Any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharide residues.
28. Monosaccharide Any of the class of sugars (e.g., glucose) that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a
simpler sugar.
29. Polysaccharide A carbohydrate (e.g., starch, cellulose, or glycogen) whose molecules consist of a
number of sugar molecules bonded together.
30. Carbohydrates A macromolecule occurring in foods and living tissues; contain hydrogen and
oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1); typically can be broken down to release
energy in the animal body. Other functions: receptors, structure of plant cell wall.
